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from article Ohmmeter
Electronic digital ohmmeter. (Tinsley)
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from article Ohmmeter
Diagram of ohmmeter, showing operating principles. C1, C2 = current terminals; P1, P2 = potential terminals.
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from article Ohmmeter
Special measuring probes (Kelvin clips), consisting of a set of leads with combined current probes (C1, C2) and potential probes (P1, P2).
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from article Cavity resonator
Closed-end sound pipe resonating (a) at the fundamental frequency f1 (the first harmonic) with wavelength λ1, and (b) at an overtone, f3 ≈ 3f1 (the third harmonic), with wavelength λ3.
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from article Cavity resonator
Wavemeters. (a) Wavemeter consisting of cylindrical cavity with an adjustable end-wall, resonating in the TE011 mode. The free-space wavelength λ0 corresponding to the resonant frequency f0 is given by λ0 = 2L[1 + (2L/1.64a)]− 1 2 . (b) Practical…
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from article Cavity resonator
Determination of the Q of a cavity resonator by (a) measuring the bandwidth and (b) measuring the damping rate of the oscillations.
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from article Electrolysis
Electrolysis cell in which the electrolyte is a solution of sodium chloride.
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from article Lens (optics)
Refraction of light waves demonstrated by the disjointed appearance of a spoon entering a bowl of water, as well as the transposition of background colors due to the bowl's curvature. (Credit: Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Lens (optics)
Illustration of a standard concave lens (left) that acts as a diverging lens and a standard convex lens (right) that acts as a converging lens.
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from article Mixing
Typical impeller-type liquid mixer. (After V. W. Uhl and J. B. Gray, Mixing: Theory and Practice, vol. 2, Academic Press, 1967)
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from article Mixing
Effect of impeller size and speed on flow and turbulence (shear) at constant power.
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from article Mixing
Common impellers. (a) Marine-type mixing propeller. (b) Axial-flow (pitched-blade) turbine. (c) Flat-blade (Rushton) turbine. (After R. H. Perry and C. H. Chilton, eds., Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1973)
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from article Mixing
Swirling flow pattern for impeller of any shape, without baffles. (a) Side view. (b) Bottom view.
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from article Mixing
Flow patterns with baffles. (a) Flow pattern for propeller with baffles at tank wall. (b) Flow pattern for turbine with baffles at tank wall.
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from article Mixing
Flow pattern for top-entering, off-center propeller without baffles: (a) front, (b) top, and (c) side views.
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from article Mixing
Side-entering propeller mixer position. With proper propeller position, no vortex will result.
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from article Mixing
Ribbon turbine with double spiral, for high-viscosity liquids.
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from article Mixing
Coexistence of (a) chaotic and (b) nonchaotic mixing in a duct-type flow.
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from article Mixing
Unmixing of particles of two different sizes in a rotating tumbler operating in a time periodic mode.
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from article Learning
Lateral view of the human brain, including the primary areas of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Learning
Brain activity can be recorded in various ways, from single-cell activity (top tracing) to the familiar electrical patterns ("brain waves") of an electroencephalogram (bottom tracing). (Credit: Based on an original drawing by C. Cotman and J.…
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from article Ultracentrifuge
Diagram of an electrically driven analytical ultracentrifuge. (Beckman Instruments)
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from article Ultracentrifuge
Analytical rotor. (Beckman Instruments)
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from article Ultracentrifuge
Fixed-angle preparative rotor and tubes. (Beckman Instruments)
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from article Electric power generation
Coal-fired electric power plant. (Credit: mrclark321/Getty Images)
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from article Electric power generation
Steam power plant flow diagram.
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from article Electric power generation
Gas turbine plant flow diagram.
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from article Electric power generation
Cross section of a hydroelectric powerhouse. Arrangement is typical for an adjustable propeller-type reaction turbine. The intake and powerhouse are integral; waterways consist of intake, scroll case, and draft tube. Turbine and generator are set…
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from article Dewar flask
Two typical Dewar containers.
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from article Solution mining
Solution mining of a subsurface evaporite deposit. Mining is normally initiated at the bottom of the deposit and retreats vertically, leaving a mined-out cavity. Saturated brine is heavier (denser), and is recovered from the bottom of the cavity.…
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from article Solution mining
Forced-air ventilation of sulfide ore heaps during biooxidation.
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from article Solution mining
Sulfur production well in a Gulf Coast salt dome deposit. (a) Superheated water is pumped down the inner and outer casing strings. (b) Molten sulfur enters inner casing string. (c) Sulfur is jetted to the surface as a result of compressed air being…
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from article Assessing risks from nanomaterials
The size and scale of nanomaterials. The novel properties of materials with at least one dimension smaller than 100 nanometers can cause them to behave differently from their bulk counterparts. (Credit: National Nanotechnology Initiative)
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from article Assessing risks from nanomaterials
Comprehensive environmental assessment (CEA) structure.
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from article Animal testing
Mice are the most commonly used vertebrate species in animal testing and research. (Credit: Dolores Bonaparte)
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from article Animal testing
The use of animals in biomedical research remains essential, but the handling of these sentient beings must be done humanely to minimize and prevent animal harm. (Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture)
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from article Propagator (field theory)
Feynman diagrams for scattering processes. (a) Electron-proton scattering via photon exchange. (b) Proton-proton scattering via meson exchange.
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from article Conservation of energy
The conservation of energy allows energy to be interconverted among many different forms. In the use of wind power, for example, the kinetic energy of wind (movements of air) can be converted by turbine blades into electrical energy. (Credit: Ron…
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from article Electrical units and standards
Calculable capacitor. (a) Cross section of general cylindrical capacitor with four segments. (b) Cross section of symmetrical capacitor with cylindrical electrodes. (c) Calculable capacitor used in absolute determination of the ohm. (U.S. National…
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from article Electrical units and standards
Moving-coil balance. (a) Schematic diagram. (b) Equipment. (U.K. National Physical Laboratory)
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from article Electrical units and standards
Josephson effect. (a) Josephson junction characteristic. (b) Linear array of more than 2000 Josephson junctions in a folded microwave stripline, giving a total voltage step in the region of 1 volt. (U.S. National Institute of Standards and…
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from article Electrical units and standards
Quantum Hall effect. (a) Geometry of semiconductor. (b) Hall resistance characteristic. i = quantum number.
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from article Computer-integrated manufacturing
Diagram of the architecture of manufacturing.
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from article Computer-integrated manufacturing
Organization of a production cell network for computer-integrated manufacturing. Ethernet, Arcnet, Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), and Canbus are international standards for communication.
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from article Triple point
Phase diagram for water, showing gas, liquid, and several solid (ice) phases; triple points at A, B, and C. The pressure scale changes at 101 kilopascals from logarithmic scale at low pressure to linear at high pressure.
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from article Glass switch
OTS current-voltage characteristics.
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from article Glass switch
OMS current-voltage characteristics.
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from article Distillation column
Elements of a distillation column.
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from article Distillation column
Contacting devices for fractionating column.
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from article Inertial confinement fusion
Ablative indirect drive and ablative direct drive. (a) In laser-illuminated, ablative indirect drive, the ICF target consists of a cylindrical hohlraum (hollow room) in which laser light is injected through the two holes in the end caps and heats…
