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from article Behavioral psychophysics

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Diagram of the apparatus for measuring the pigeon's absolute visual threshold. (After D S. Blough, A method for obtaining psychophysical thresholds from the pigeon, J. Exp. Anal. Behav., 1:31–43, 1958)

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from article Air armament

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Air Superiority Missile Concept.

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from article Air armament

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Low-Cost Autonomous Attack System (LOCAAS; formerly Low-Cost Antiarmor Submunition). (a) Autonomous submunition, with length of 30 in. (0.75 m), wingspan of 40 in. (1.0 m), and weight of 90–100 lb (40–45 kg). (b) Various warhead modes.

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from article Reproductive behavior

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The mating of dragonflies encompasses a number of reproductive behaviors. Typically, the male is in front and the female is behind. If the female is willing to mate, she bends her abdomen forward to collect sperm from the male's accessory genitalia,…

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Sage-grouse lek. Males stake out and defend territories on a traditional breeding ground. Females breed with males in selected territories. (Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Two bull northern elephant seals fighting for dominance on the beach. (Credit: eoind/Getty Images)

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Natterjack toad giving a mating call with its vocal sac expanded. (Credit: Bobby Bok)

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Mating behavior of sticklebacks: (a) zigzag dance of a male, which leads a female to the nest; (b) the male stimulates the female in the nest to lay eggs; (c) schematic portrayal of the events in a courtship sequence. (Credit: Based on original…

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Lordosis in a female rodent. When mounted, the females of many mammalian species adopt the lordotic posture, rendering copulation possible. Note the concave arching of the spine. (Credit: Based on an original drawing by L. C. Drickamer and S. H.…

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from article Reproductive behavior

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A black-browed albatross feeding a chick. This is one example in which parental care may be extensive and prolonged. (Credit: Vetta/Getty Images)

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from article Linguistics

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Cortical areas of the brain that are specialized for language. Broca's area and Wernicke's area are involved in language and speech. Arrows indicate the Wernicke-Geschwind model for speech production. Information about spoken or written words is…

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from article Behavior genetics

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DNA analysis can be used to determine the positions (loci) of genes on chromosomes. Each gene may come in several variations, called alleles, that may produce somewhat different phenotypic outcomes, influencing behavior. Molecular weight markers are…

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from article Behavior genetics

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Alcoholism, a very complex behavioral disorder, results from the interplay of genetics, environment, and physiology in the context of development. (Credit: National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism)

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from article Hypnosis

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A hypnotized individual appears to be in a trancelike state. This altered state of consciousness allows the individual to be more susceptible to suggestion than in his or her normal state. (Credit: Paula Connelly/Getty Images)

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from article Dementia

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Positron emission tomography (PET) scans show differences in glucose metabolism in a brain of a normal older adult (left) and a brain of an older adult patient afflicted with dementia as the result of Alzheimer's disease (right). Red and yellow…

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from article Dementia

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The prevalence and annual incidence of dementia according to age group in older men and women. The rate of dementia (per 100 persons) is plotted against age group (years). (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Positive psychology

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All disciplines of psychology are concerned with the intertwining of human behavior and the functions of the mind. In particular, positive psychology investigates human happiness and the psychological bases by which humans flourish as individuals…

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from article Positive psychology

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Psychologists who specialize in positive psychology help individuals to (1) define and assess well-being, (2) classify and assess character strengths, (3) understand the nature of positive emotions, and (4) determine what makes a positive…

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from article Optical tracking systems

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Distant Object Attitude Measurement System (DOAMS). (Credit: L-3 Communications Corp.)

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from article Thirst and sodium appetite

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Hypovolemic thirst and sodium appetite are caused by altered sensory information from an underfilled circulation, reinforced by increases in circulating angiotensin II and mineralocorticoids. Angiotensin peptides generated from components of a…

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from article Speech

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Human head and thorax. (Courtesy of G. E. Peterson)

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