An article from Science News Jan 2021
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Article
Addiction and addictive disorders
Habituation to a specific practice, such as drinking alcoholic beverages or using drugs (for example, heroin, cocaine, or amphetamines), and disorders characterized by the chronic use of a drug, alcohol, or similar substance. Addiction and addictive…
Article
Agnosia
Any disorder of recognition. Agnosia is a rare neurological condition in which an individual fails to recognize and identify persons or objects (see illustration). Typically, agnosia is the result of damage to specific areas of the brain.…
Biography
Allport, Gordon (Willard) (1897–1967)
Article
Aluminum alloys
Substances formed by the addition of one or more elements, usually metals, to aluminum. The principal alloying elements in aluminum-base alloys are magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) [Fig. 1]. In wrought…
Article
Alzheimer's disease
A disease of the nervous system characterized by a progressive dementia that leads to profound impairment in cognition and behavior. Dementia occurs in a number of brain diseases where the impairment in cognitive abilities represents a decline from…
Biography
Alzheimer, Alois (1864–1915)
Article
Amnesia
A significant, yet relatively selective loss of memory. Amnesia is a type of memory loss, often resulting from brain disease or injury (see illustration). The inability to remember can be temporary or permanent. In general, amnesia can be…
Biography
Amsler-Laffon, Jakob (1823–1912)
Biography
Anastasi, Anne (1908–2001)
Biography
Angell, James (Rowland) (1869–1949)
Biography
Anokhin, Piotre Kuzmich (1897–1974)
Article
Aphasia
A disorder of language acquired as a result of brain disease. Aphasia is impairment in the use of spoken or written language caused by brain disorders (see illustration) that cannot be explained by paralysis or incoordination of the articulatory…
Article
Apraxia
An impairment in the performance of voluntary actions despite intact motor power and coordination, sensation and perception, and comprehension. Apraxia is a neurological condition in which there is difficulty with skilled tasks or learned movements…
Biography
Argyris, Chris(topher) (1923–2013)
Biography
Arkwright, Richard (1732–1792)
Biography
Armstrong, William George (1810–1900)
Biography
Auer, Carl
Article
Autism
A neurodevelopmental condition that impairs the way that a person relates to and communicates with other people. Persons with autism have difficulties with social communication and interaction. They also can have unusual behaviors, such as…
Biography
Ayrton, Hertha (Phoebe Sarah) Marks (1854–1923)
Biography
Ayrton, William Edward (1847–1908)
Biography
Babcock, George Herman (1832–1893)
Biography
Baird, John Logie (1888–1946)
Biography
Baker, Benjamin (1840–1907)
Biography