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Habituation to a specific practice, such as drinking alcoholic beverages or using drugs (for example, heroin, cocaine, or amphetamines), and disorders characterized by the chronic use of a drug, alcohol, or similar substance. Addiction and addictive…

Any disorder of recognition. Agnosia is a rare neurological condition in which an individual fails to recognize and identify persons or objects (see illustration). Typically, agnosia is the result of damage to specific areas of the brain.…

A disease of the nervous system characterized by a progressive dementia that leads to profound impairment in cognition and behavior. Dementia occurs in a number of brain diseases where the impairment in cognitive abilities represents a decline from…

A significant, yet relatively selective loss of memory. Amnesia is a type of memory loss, often resulting from brain disease or injury (see illustration). The inability to remember can be temporary or permanent. In general, amnesia can be…