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from article Absorption
Incident sunlight is absorbed, reflected, and scattered by tree leaves. (Credit: Shutterstock / photolinc)
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from article Negative temperature
Populations (n) of states of a thermodynamic system consisting of N magnetically interacting nuclei of spin 2 at absolute temperatures T = +D/k and T = −D/k, where k is Boltzmann's constant and D is the energy spacing between successive states.
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from article Rock mechanics
Typical rock mass containing numerous discontinuities. The person in picture is conducting a scanline survey, where a tape is placed across the rock and detailed information is gathered on the fractures that intersect the scanline.
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from article Rock mechanics
(a) Uniaxial compression test, where an axial stress is applied to a core sample of rock and increased until failure. (b) Triaxial compression test, where a constant confining stress is first applied, then the axial stress is increased until failure.
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from article Rock mechanics
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from article Rock mechanics
(a) Example of the failure zone around an underground excavation (×, shear failure; o, tensile failure), calculated using the Rocscience Phase2 computer program. (b) Example of a shallow underground excavation where the failure mode is either…
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from article Rock mechanics
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from article Luminescence
Schematic representation of energy levels and electronic transitions in an atomic gas. E1, ground state; E2 and E3, excited states; 1, excitation; 2, emission of resonance luminescence; 3, radiationless transition to lower excited state; 4,…
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from article Luminescence
Configuration coordinate curves for a simple luminescence center. Transition A → B shows absorption, and transition C → D shows emission. Energy EQ is that necessary for the excited state to reach point E, from which a transition to the ground state…
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from article Luminescence
Variation of the brightness of a thallium-activated potassium chloride phosphor with temperature. °F = (K × 1.8) − 459.67.
