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from article Exposure meter
Basic exposure meter circuits. (a) Photovoltaic type circuit. (b) Photoconductive type circuit.
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from article Donor atom
Pentavalent donor atom, phosphorus (P), in the elemental semiconductor silicon (Si). (a) Phosphorus atom in a substitutional position, that is, replacing silicon, a tetravalent host atom, by completing the four tetrahedral covalent bonds with its…
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from article Radiation damage to materials
The five principal mechanisms of radiation damage are ionization, vacancies, interstitials, impurity atoms, and thermal spikes. Diagram shows how a neutron might give rise to each in copper. Grid-line intersections are equilibrium positions for…
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from article Radiation damage to materials
Sensitivity of engineering materials to radiation. Levels are approximate and subject to variation. Changes are in most cases at least 10%. (After O. Sisman and J. C. Wilson, Nucleonics, 14:58–65, 1956)
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from article Nuclear reaction
Formation of the compound nucleus 14N after capture of the deuteron by 12C. Four exit channels are indicated.
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from article Nuclear reaction
A (d, p) transfer reaction.
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from article Oscilloscope
Four-channel 150-MHz analog oscilloscope. (Credit: Tektronix)
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from article Oscilloscope
Sweep generator waveforms. (a) Single waveform, showing instant of trigger (T). (b) Dual time base in set-up mode: sweep by A, intensified by B. (c) Dual time base in delayed display mode: scan delayed by A, sweep by B.
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from article Oscilloscope
High-speed general-purpose digitizing oscilloscope. (Credit: Tektronix)
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from article Chert
Rhythmically bedded radiolarian chert from the Franciscan Complex. Diabio Range. California; of Late Jurassic age.
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from article Adiabatic demagnetization
Entropy–temperature diagram of a paramagnetic substance, showing process of adiabatic demagnetization.
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from article Adiabatic demagnetization
Low-temperature part of two-stage nuclear refrigerator with superconducting magnets. Demagnetization of the second stage from an initial magnetic field of 9 teslas gave measured electronic temperatures of 10–12 μK. (After F. Pobell, Matter and…
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from article Reciprocity principle
Antenna system.
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from article Reciprocity principle
Two-mesh network.
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from article Reciprocity principle
Charged conducting bodies.
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from article Reciprocity principle
Four-terminal, black-box network.
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from article Cotton effect
Behavior of the ORD and CD curves in the vicinity of an absorption band at wavelength λ0 (idealized). (a) Positive Cotton effect. (b) Negative Cotton effect.
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from article Cotton effect
Curves used to determine relative rotatory intensities. (a) Partial ORD curve. (b) Partial CD curve.
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from article Cotton effect
Structural formula of (+)-trans-9-methyl-1,4,9,10- tetrahydronaphthalene.
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from article Cotton effect
Schematic representation of the twisted diene chromophore showing the two possible handednesses; the numbering is as indicated in Fig. 3 (a) Right-handed. (b) Left-handed.
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from article Parity (quantum mechanics)
Beta decay from polarized cobalt-60 nuclei. When the spin axes of the cobalt nuclei are not polarized, the preferential emission of the electrons and antineutrinos in the directions shown does not occur.
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from article Asbestos
The King City Asbestos Company mine in the Coalinga asbestos district of San Benito and Fresno Counties in west-central California. This large chrysotile mine was the last asbestos operation in the United States; the mine closed in 2002. (Credit:…
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from article Asbestos
Transmission electron photomicrographs of chrysotile asbestos (a) at 1000× magnification and (b) at 40,000× magnification, where the hollow-tube morphology is visible.
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from article Asbestos
Transmission electron photomicrographs of (a) amosite asbestos, (b) anthophyllite asbestos, (c) crocidolite asbestos, and (d) tremolite-actinolite asbestos. Note that tremolite and actinolite are part of a solid solution series and differ only in…
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from article Crystal optics
Index ellipsoid, showing construction of directions of vibrations of D vectors belonging to a wave normal s . The vectors D ′ and D ″ define the orthogonal decomposition of the displacement vector D and will depend on the orientation in the…
