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3D Skull Candy Mold

Whether preparing for Halloween or just a regular day, you can make skull-shaped edibles from this project's 3D candy mold. Like many molds, this one is a hollow container into which you can pour water or hot liquids, such as gelatin, chocolate, or…

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from article Aspidorhynchiformes

Aspidorhynchus acutirostris, Upper Jurassic, Bavaria; a typical fish of the order Aspidorhynchiformes.

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from article Paleobotany

Compression specimen of the Triassic leaf type Dicroidium.

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from article Paleobotany

Permian pollen grain macerated from Antarctic coal.

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from article Paleobotany

Cross section of a permineralized stem from a Carboniferous coal ball.

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from article Paleobotany

Thin section of a petrified Rhynie chert stem.

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from article Paleobotany

Several coprolites found within the tissues of a Carboniferous plant.

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from article Paleobotany

Cuticle of a fossil (Eocene) leaf showing the outline of the epidermal cells and fungus with specialized hyphae.

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from article Paleobotany

Several Glossopteris leaves from the Permian of Antarctica. Leaves of this type were some of the first evidence that at one time the southern continents were all physically linked into a major continental plate called Gondwana.

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from article Paleobotany

Section showing tree rings from a temperate plant, showing change in cell size and wall thickness.

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from article Paleobotany

Section showing rings from a tree with uniform cell size and wall thickness, but growing at approximately 82° South during the Triassic.

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from article Osteolepiformes

Schematic phylogeny (family tree) of the osteolepiforms, based on arguments presented by P. Ahlberg and Z. Johanson (1998). The fishes within the gray zone are conventionally designated as Osteolepiformes (the formal group name), but they actually…

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from article Osteolepiformes

The tristichopterid Eusthenopteron foordi. (a) A close-up of its pectoral fin skeleton. (b) An illustration of the full specimen. Eusthenopteron reached approximately 50–70 cm in length. Its pectoral fin skeleton contains structures equivalent to…

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from article Magellanic Clouds

Large Magellanic Cloud; the large red patch is the 30 Doradus nebula, one of the largest H II regions known. (Copyright © Australian Astronomical Observatory; photograph by David Malin from AAT plates)

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from article Magellanic Clouds

Small Magellanic Cloud. This image is composed from two images of the Digitized Sky Survey 2. (ESA/Hubble; Digitized Sky Survey 2)

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from article Magellanic Clouds

Large Magellanic Cloud. (Harvard Observatory photograph by P. Hodge)

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from article Magellanic Clouds

Giant gas cloud centered on 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud. (Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory photograph by P. Hodge)

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from article Parenchyma

Schematic representation of a group of cells from parenchyma of Asparagus root, illustrating regular arrangement of cells in a compact tissue.

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from article Parenchyma

Transverse section of a leaf of Tolmiea menziesii, showing mesophyll or chlorenchyma with prominent intercellular spaces. (Photograph by R. B. Wylie)

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from article Parenchyma

Section of Olearia rami leaf cut parallel to surface, showing mesophyll or chlorenchyma with prominent intercellular spaces. (Photograph by R. B. Wylie)

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from article Bluegrass

Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis). (Photo courtesy of Forest and Kim Starr)

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from article Universe

An image from a computer simulation of large-scale structure formation in the universe, with vast filaments of relatively dense matter separated by even larger voids with low matter density. Each dot indicates an individual galaxy. (Credit: Max…

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from article Universe

The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram, which plots stars' temperatures (x axis) against their luminosities (y axis). Numerous examples of stars in the Milky Way are included in this sample diagram. (Credit: ESO)

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from article Universe

A mosaic of the central star-forming region of the Orion Nebula, otherwise known as M42. Here the emission from young stars (pointlike sources) lights up the surrounding gas, mostly composed of hydrogen atoms. (Credit: C. R. O'Dell and S. K. Wong,…

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from article Universe

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field. The image represents a nearly 12-day exposure of a small patch of sky, about a tenth of the diameter of the full Moon, that is “empty” to the naked eye from Earth. Taken by the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS; optical)…

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from article Universe

Galaxies. (a) Spiral galaxy M81 (NGC 3031). The flat disk, spiral arms, and central bulge are visible. The spherical halo that surrounds both is too sparsely populated to be evident (Credit: NASA, ESA, JPL-Caltech, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for…

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from article Universe

Heart of the Virgo Cluster, the nearest moderately rich cluster of galaxies, including the giant elliptical galaxies M84, M86, and M87. (Credit: Anglo-Australian Observatory; photograph by David Malin)

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from article Universe

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey's map of the universe, compiled via redshift surveys. Each dot represents a galaxy, while a color bar represents local density. (Credit: SDSS)

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from article Universe

The Hubble diagram for type Ia supernovae, from a compilation of well-observed type Ia supernovae, showing the linear relationship between distances and recession velocities. The slope of the best-fit line gives the Hubble constant H0. The scatter…

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from article Universe

Full-sky projection map of temperature variations in the cosmic background radiation, as measured by the Planck spacecraft. (Credit: ESA/Planck Collaboration)

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from article Universe

Timeline of the universe, a representation of the evolution of the universe. The far left depicts the earliest moment we can now probe, when a period of “inflation” produced a burst of exponential growth in the universe. (Size is depicted by the…

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from article Phytoalexin

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from article Phytoalexin

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from article Polygonales

Coastal jointweed (Polygonella articulata), a characteristic member of the former order Polygonales, now reassigned to the order Caryophyllales. (Photo by Rob Routledge)

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from article Coronoidea

Stephanocrinus gemmiformis, Middle Silurian, Tennessee; side view of the theca.

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from article Docodonta

Restoration of the skull of the Late Jurassic docodont Haldanodon in lateral view. Arrow points to dentary-squamosal articulation; the articular-quadrate articulation lies directly behind it (toward the midline of the skull). (Illustration by…

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from article Docodonta

Upper and lower molars of Docodon, a Late Jurassic docodont. (a) Occlusal view of an upper molar. (b) Internal and (c) occlusal views of a lower molar.

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from article Atomic clock

A cesium fountain clock at the National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom. (Credit: National Physical Laboratory, United Kingdom)

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from article Atomic clock

Basic schematic of a cesium atomic-beam clock.

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from article Atomic clock

Basic schematic of a hydrogen maser.

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from article Atomic clock

Basic schematic of a rubidium gas cell.

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from article Atomic clock

Electrodes used to create the confining electric potential for a Penning ion trap or a Paul ion trap. An electric potential V, which is static for a Penning trap and oscillating for a Paul trap, is applied between the ring electrode and the end-cap…

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from article Atomic clock

Cesium atomic fountain clock. A sample of cesium atoms is trapped and laser-cooled at the intersection of six laser beams. The atoms are then launched upward, passing through the microwave cavity, then falling back through the cavity. After passing…

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from article Sandalwood

Coast sandalwood (Santalum ellipticum) of Hawaii. (Photo courtesy of Forest and Kim Starr)

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from article Equation of time

Graph of the equation of time, showing how the equation results from combining the effects of the inclination of the Earth's axis and the eccentricity of its orbit. (After B. M. Oliver, The shape of the analemma, Sky Telesc., 44:20–22, July 1972)

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from article Equation of time

Analemma recorded in a multiple-exposure, year-long photograph obtained with an east-facing, permanently mounted camera that made an exposure approximately once a week at exactly 8:30 a.m. Eastern Standard Time. On three occasions the shutter was…

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from article Herschel Space Observatory

An artist’s impression of Herschel against a backdrop of the Rosette Nebula observed in the instrument’s infrared and submillimeter range, assigned scientifically representative, visible-light colors. (Credit: ESA - C. Carreau)

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from article Herschel Space Observatory

Herschel satellite. (a) Artist's impression. (b) Assembled satellite under test. (Credit: ESA)

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from article Herschel Space Observatory

Composite 70/160/250–μm image of the Rosette Nebula, showing a 2 × 2° area of sky, part of the Herschel-HOBYS Key Project. (Credit: ESA; SPIRE and PACS Consortia)

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from article Herschel Space Observatory

Composite 250/350/500–μm image of a 4 × 4° area of sky, part of the Herschel-ATLAS Key Project. (Credit: ESA; H-ATLAS Consortium)

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from article Herschel Space Observatory

Small portion of a HIFI spectrum (signal strength versus frequency in GHz) of the Orion Nebula. Spectral lines from numerous interstellar molecules are seen. The numbered lines are from methanol (CH3OH). (Credit: ESO, Adapted from S. Wang et al.,…

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from article Bluestem grass

Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii). (Photo by Lynn Betts, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)

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from article Bluestem grass

Seed heads of little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium). (Photo by Lynn Betts, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)

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from article Theales

Flower of a Franklin tree (Franklinia alatamaha), which is a characteristic member of the family Theaceae in the order Theales, named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. Although the tree (a rare native plant of the southeastern United States) has not…

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from article Zygophyllales

Dollar bush (Tetraena stapfii or Zygophyllum stapfii) is a shrublike member of the family Zygophyllaceae in the order Zygophyllales. (Credit: Ragnhild and Neil Crawford)

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from article Sassafras

Leaves of a sassafras seedling (Sassafras albidum), Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. (Photo courtesy of J. M. Reuter, National Park Service)

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from article Lepisosteiformes

Spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus). (Photo by Brian Montague, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

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from article Tommotian fauna

Tube-dwelling animals of the Tommotian fauna. (a) Cloudina, one of the earliest animals with a mineralized skeleton. (b) Aculeochrea, an anabaritid showing the three-rayed symmetry typical of the group. (c) Hyolithellus, an animal reinforcing its…

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from article Tommotian fauna

Reconstruction of life cycle of the probably scyphozoan Olivooides, based on fossilized embryos and polyps.

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from article Tommotian fauna

An archaeocyathan, interpreted to be a calcareous sponge.

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from article Tommotian fauna

Sclerite-bearing animals and probably mollusks. (a) Halkieria, a scale-and-plate-clad coeloscleritophoran (reprinted with permission from M. S. Conway and J. S. Peel, Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland, Nature,…

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from article Trilobita

Two iron-stained trilobites (Paradoxides) on a bedding plane slab from Morocco, North Africa, of Cambrian age. (Credit: Alan Morgan)

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from article Trilobita

Trilobite diversity and preservation. (a) Olenellid, Lower Cambrian (British Columbia). External mold of exoskeleton in shale. (b) Ogygopsis, Middle Cambrian (British Columbia). Molt assemblage, with cranidium and pygidium aligned, but librigenae,…

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from article Trilobita

Morphological features of trilobites. (a) Calymene, Silurian (New York). Dorsal view of mineralized exoskeleton. (b) Phacops, Devonian (Ohio). Ventral (bottom) view of cephalon and anterior segments of the thorax, with hypostome attached. (c)…

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from article Trilobita

Triarthrus eatoni, Upper Ordovician (New York). Reconstruction with dorsal exoskeleton removed on right side to show appendages. Antennae are incomplete. Exites (gill branches) of the first nine postantennal appendages are removed to show the…

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from article Cellulose

Microscopic view of cotton fibers, which contain 98% cellulose. (Credit: Martin Kreutz/agefotostock)

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from article Cellulose

Positioning of β-d-glucopyranosyl units in cellulose structure.

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from article Cellulose

Cellulose is the principal structural component of plants. In particular, cellulose in the plant cell wall is found mainly in the form of threadlike fibers, composed of smaller fibrils (microfibrils). (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Cantaloupe

Cantaloupes (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus). (Photo by Scott Bauer, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture)

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from article Epidermis (plant)

Plant epidermis in surface view. (a) Iris leaf showing kidney-shaped guard cells. (b) Zea leaf showing dumbbell-shaped guard cells; two subsidiary cells are associated with each stoma. (c) Sedum leaf; each stoma is associated with three or four…

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from article Epidermis (plant)

Specialized epidermal cells in transections of leaves. (a) Leaf of Ficus elastica, each side having approximately three layers of cells in the multiple epidermis; lithocyst containing cystolith whose calcium deposits were removed during…

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from article Epidermis (plant)

Transection of leaf of Andropogon showing large bulliform cells in the upper epidermis.

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from article Epidermis (plant)

Trichomes. (a) Uniseriate hairs of Gynura. (b) Unicellular anchor hair of Mentzelia. (c) Stellate hair of Solanum. (d) Branched (candelabra) hair of Platanus. (e) Peltate scale of Shepherdia.

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from article Epidermis (plant)

Trichomes. (a) Unicellular and glandular (colleters) hairs of the geranium (Pelargonium). (b) Unicellular-hooked and uniseriate, club-shaped hairs of the bean (Phaseolus). (c) Uniseriate and glandular (colleters) hairs of the tomato (Lycopersicon).

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from article Hubble Space Telescope

Hubble Space Telescope in orbit around Earth. (Credit: NASA)

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from article Hubble Space Telescope

A portion of the Eagle Nebula nicknamed the Pillars of Creation. The column-like pillars of cosmic dust are shaped by the radiation and winds from massive, nearby stars as well as young stars within the immediate vicinity. (Credit: NASA, ESA/Hubble…

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from article Hubble Space Telescope

The Antennae galaxies, captured by the Hubble Space Telescope. The interacting galaxies are undergoing what is known as a starburst, wherein rapid star formation is taking place throughout much of their expanses. Regions where new stars have…

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from article Hubble Space Telescope

Diagram of the Hubble Space Telescope.

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from article Hubble Space Telescope

Comparison of basic gray-scale images of a field of stars in the 30 Doradus Nebula. (a) Ground-based image obtained under conditions of good seeing. (b) Same star field at the same scale taken with the Hubble Space Telescope before the first…

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from article Hubble Space Telescope

A depiction of gravitational lensing, in which foreground galaxy clusters (center) distort the light from a distant, background object, such as a galaxy (right), on its way to being received by the Hubble Space Telescope (left). (Credit: NASA/ESA)

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from article Hubble Space Telescope

A view of nearly 10,000 galaxies known as the Hubble Deep Field. Gathering enough light for this image required 800 exposures for a total exposure time of 11.3 days, taken over the course of 400 Hubble orbits around Earth. [Credit: NASA, ESA, and S.…

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from article Plants of saline environments

Desert arrowweed (Pluchea sericea) is a halophytic evergreen shrub adapted for growth in the salty basins of Death Valley, California. (Credit: Steven P. Lynch)

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from article Plants of saline environments

Soluble salts in irrigation water and those present in fertilizers lead to the gradual accumulation of toxic levels of sodium ions in topsoil, rendering the land useless. (Credit: Roberto A. Gaxiola)

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from article Plants of saline environments

Relationship between growth and sodium chloride concentration for halophytes and glycophytes. The diagram assumes that the plants are growing in a culture solution that accounts for about 10–20 mol m−3 of ions. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)

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from article Plants of saline environments

Suaeda maritima (annual sea blite), a halophytic member of the Chenopodiaceae. (Credit: František Pleva)

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from article Plants of saline environments

Gray mangrove (Avicennia marina) on the island of Tonga. Aerial roots called pneumatophores, which act as a snorkel, are growing out of the mud. Other mangroves can absorb air through holes in their bark known as lenticels. (Credit: Valentina…

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from article Plants of saline environments

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from article Solstice

The Earth at the time of the summer and winter solstices. The dates may vary because of the extra one-fourth day in the year.

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from article Monoplacophora

Living and fossil Monoplacophora. (a) Neopilina galatheae. (b) Tryblidium reticulatum. (After R. C. Moore, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. I, 1957)

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from article Monoplacophora

Side views of various helcionellacean and bellerophont univalved mollusks. (a) Cyrtonellopsis; (b) Hypseloconus; (c) Cyclocyrtonella; (d) Stenotheca; (e) Bellerophon; (f) Tropidodiscus. (After B. Runnegar, Class Monoplacophora, in R. S. Boardman, A.…

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from article Gemini

Modern boundaries of the constellation Gemini, the Twins. The celestial equator is 0° of declination, which corresponds to celestial latitude. Right ascension corresponds to celestial longitude, with each hour of right ascension representing 15° of…

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from article Fraunhofer lines

Fraunhofer lines. The horizontal band in the lower-half of the diagram shows Fraunhofer's original spectrum of the Sun as it appears spread across a screen, with dark lines crossing the continuous, rainbow spectrum, drawn in 1814 and published in…

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from article Spruce

Cones of eastern and western spruce species. (a) Black spruce (Picea mariana). (b) Red spruce (P. rubens). (c) White spruce (P. glauca). (d) Colorado blue spruce (P. pungens). (e) Norway spruce (P. abies). (Brooklyn Botanic Garden)

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from article Spruce

Blue spruce (Picea pungens). (Photo courtesy of D. E. Herman, North Dakota State Soil Conservation Committee, USDA–NRCS PLANTS Database)

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from article Heterocorallia

Morphology of the heterocorallian skeleton. (a) External view. (b) Transverse thin section. (c) Median longitudinal thin section. (d) Enlarged part of c. (After R. C. Moore, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. F, Geological Society of…

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from article Heterocorallia

Details of the heterocorallian body. (a) Generalized pattern of septal insertion (from O. Schindewolf, Grundfragen der Paläontologie, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1950). (b) Reconstruction of the mesenterial in the soft body (from M. Gudo,…

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from article Willow

Close-up view of peachleaf willow (S. amygdaloides). (Photo courtesy of Sheri Hagwood, USDA–NRCS PLANTS Database)

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from article Willow

White willow (S. alba). (Photo courtesy of D. E. Herman, North Dakota State Soil Conservation Committee, USDA–NRCS PLANTS Database)

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from article Umami taste receptor

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from article Umami taste receptor

Schematics of umami, sweet, and chimeric T1R receptors. The T1R1/T1R3 umami taste receptor and the T1R1-2/T1R3 chimeric receptor recognize umami ligands, whereas the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor and the T1R2-1/T1R3 chimeric receptor recognize…

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