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Diagram of selected portions of the human motor control system. (After G. L. Gottlieb, D. M. Corcos, and G. C. Agarwal, Strategies for the control of voluntary movements with one mechanical degree of freedom, Behav. Brain Sci., 12:189–250, 1989)

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from article Medical control systems

Electric hand, a myoelectric prosthesis. (a) Two views of the hand, 2.5 in. (6 cm) across the knuckles, with the cover removed in one view to show the electric motor drive circuit. (b) Child using the electric hand. (Hugh Steeper Ltd.)

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from article Medical control systems

Hybrid control system using both functional electrical stimulation and orthoses. (a) Hierarchical control scheme. (b) Braces in use. (c) Detail of leg brace. (After Y. Kim and F. A. Spelman, eds., Images of the Twenty-First Century: Proceedings of…

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from article Medical control systems

Autoclavable pacemaker with a lithium silver vanadium pentoxide battery. (After W. Greatbatch, Pacemaker power sources, IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag., 3(2):15–19, June 1984)

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from article Medical control systems

Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) system with pulse generator, leads, and external programmer. (S. Nisam, Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.)

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from article Microbiome

Profile of the human microbiome by anatomical niche. DNA sequence analysis reveals the relative abundances of the six most abundant bacterial phyla in the human body. The phyla shown represent 99.6% of the sequences sampled. Cyanobacteria were…

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from article Microbiome

Cup-and-ball diagrams to conceptualize the ecosystem equilibrium of the microbiota. (a) A diverse microbial ecosystem requires a large amount of applied force (blue arrow; for example, an antibiotic disturbance) to push it out of its stable…

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from article Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

HIV targets helper T lymphocytes. This illustration shows HIV cells attaching to CD4 coreceptors on a helper T lymphocyte. The depletion of these helper T lymphocytes leads to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). (Copyright © McGraw Hill)

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from article Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1 virions budding from a cultured lymphocyte. Multiple round bumps on the cell surface represent sites of assembly and budding of virions (green spheres). (Credit: C. Goldsmith/Centers for Disease Control and…

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from article Trauma

Traumatic injury to the head can lead to concussions. Head injuries are frequently seen in individuals who participate in contact sports, such as football. (Credit: JoeSAPhotos/Shutterstock)