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from article Amino acid
Structural formula for an amino acid. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Amino acid
The 20 amino acids that serve as the building blocks for proteins. These amino acids (shown with their respective three-letter abbreviations) can be divided into nonpolar, polar, and electrically charged groups. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Amino acid
Synthesis of a dipeptide. When an amino group of one amino acid is linked to the carboxyl group of another amino acid, a peptide bond linkage is formed. A molecule of water (H2O) is split out when a peptide bond is formed. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Amino acid
Two-dimensional chromatogram of a protein. (Credit: R. J. Block, E. L. Durrum, and G. Zweig)
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from article Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Spindle transfer involves the excision of the metaphase II spindle from a donor egg and replacing it with the metaphase II spindle from the affected egg. The metaphase II spindle contains the condensed chromosomes of the egg's haploid genome. Terms:…
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from article Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Cytoplasmic transplantation involves the addition of a donor's ooplasm (cytoplasm in an oocyte) to the recipient oocyte prior to fertilization. Terms: ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; nDNA, nuclear DNA. (Credit:…
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from article Mitochondrial replacement therapy
Pronuclear transfer requires that both the donor and affected eggs be fertilized by the father's sperm simultaneously in vitro. Following fertilization and once pronuclei are visible by microscopy, the two pronuclei from the donor egg are removed,…
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from article Camel
Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). (Photo courtesy of Brent Huffman, Ultimate Ungulate Images)
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from article Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is caused by the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (Left) Colorized scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicting some of the ultrastructural details seen in the cell wall configuration of a number of Gram-positive…
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from article Tuberculosis
Annual number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States from 1992 to 2017. During this time period, there has been a decline in the prevalence of tuberculosis. However, the progression of decline has slowed since 2013 (indicated by the purple…
