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from article Life forms of plants
Life forms of plants according to C. Raunkiaer. (After P. Dansereau, Biogeography: An Ecological Perspective, Ronald Press, 1957)
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from article Life forms of plants
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from article Echolocation
Echolocation is a physiological tool used by gray bats (Myotis grisescens). (Credit: Amareta Kelly)
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from article Echolocation
Sound spectrograms representing sonar signals of (a) Brazilian or Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis), (b) big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), (c) Wagner's mustached bats (Pteronotus personatus), and (d) greater horseshoe bats…
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from article Chevrotain
Water chevrotain (Hyemoschus aquaticus). (Photo by Brent Huffman; courtesy of Ultimate Ungulate)
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from article Dinosauria
Titanosaurs (based on Rapetosaurus) in the nesting ground at Auca Mahuevo, Argentina. (Credit: Mark Hallett)
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from article Dinosauria
Partly excavated dinosaur fossils. (Credit: Bert Beekmans/Getty Images)
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from article Dinosauria
Simplified phylogenetic tree of the archosaurian reptiles. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Dinosauria
Relationships of the ornithischian dinosaurs. (Credit: Modified from an original diagram by P. C. Sereno)
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from article Dinosauria
Skull of Heterodontosaurus, showing typical ornithischian features. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Dinosauria
A Triceratops fossil skull. (Credit: David Herraez/Alamy Stock Photo)
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from article Dinosauria
Relationships of the saurischian dinosaurs. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Dinosauria
Computer-generated Allosaurus dinosaur skeleton. This saurichian carnivore could attain a height of 8.5 m (28 ft). (Credit: Science Photo Library/Alamy Stock Photo)
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from article Dinosauria
Fossilized dinosaur eggs found in Arizona. (Credit: Holly Curry; copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Dinosauria
Fossilized dinosaur footprints found in Arizona. (Credit: Holly Curry; copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Deforestation
View of an area of deforestation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this case, the land is being cleared to develop areas for intensive rice production. (Credit: Australian National University)
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from article Deforestation
The relationship between forest and nonforest (other) land. Preservation of forest lands includes reforestation and natural regeneration. However, deforestation and natural events can lead to nonforest land. Afforestation (the act or process of…
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from article Deforestation
Natural forest areas (in hectares; 1 hectare = 2.47 acres) in various climatic domains (boreal/polar, temperate, subtropical, and tropical) from 1990 to 2015. The data are derived from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 by the Food and…
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from article Deforestation
Former rainforest in northern Queensland, Australia, that was deforested in the early 1900s and is now used for pasture. (Credit: Rodney Keenan)
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from article Deforestation
Aerial view of deforestation in the Amazon region of Brazil. Clearing of trees in the Amazon rainforest has resulted in the elimination of natural resources and numerous species. (Credit: Luoman/Getty Images)
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from article Ordovician
Ordovician, the second period of the Paleozoic Era.
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from article Ordovician
Early Ordovician (Arenig) paleogeography, major rock suites and potential ocean surface currents; based on remanent magnetism data supplemented by plots of the positions of shelf sea carbonates and reefs.
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from article Decision theory
Decision tree for the problem given in the text. Numbers at nodes represent time past alarm (7:00 A.M.), and numbers at branches refer to the decision mode or state of nature.
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from article Decision theory
From of a decision matrix. Oij = outcome corresponding to the interaction of a strategy (Si) and a state of nature (Nj).
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from article Decision theory
Decision tree structure to determine the subjective utility of lottery outcomes.
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from article Decision theory
Hypothetical subjective utility curves.
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from article Ferret
An endangered black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). (Photo copyright © Joseph Dougherty)
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from article Zosterophyllopsida
Examples of Devonian Zosterophyllopsida. (a) Reconstruction of the Early Devonian Zosterophyllum rhenanum, here depicted as an aquatic plant (after R. Kräusel and H. Weyland, Neue Pflanzenfunde im rheinischen Unterdevon, Palaeontographica B,…
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from article Ophiuroidea
Representative ophiuroids, which have a quite distinctive shape. (a) Ophiopeza cylindrica (alternatively, Pectinura cylindrica). (b) Asteroporpa australiensis (alternatively, Astroporpa wilsoni). (c) Gorgonocephalus chilensis.
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from article Ophiuroidea
External features of the ophiuroid Amphiura. (a) Aboral view. (b) Adoral view.
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from article Catastrophe theory
Cusp catastrophe surface for the response function Vab as a function of (a,b) at a critical point. Paths A, B, and C are labeled.
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from article Catastrophe theory
Paths A, B, and C from Fig. 1, with points 1–10 marked. The response function Vab has the same values at (1,3,5) and at (2,4,10).
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from article Catastrophe theory
Paths that exhibit features of catastrophe theory. (a) Path on curve C showing a jump in the response function. (b) Path using curves A and B which shows hysteresis. No change in potential energy Vab is required to go from 1 to 3 or from 2 to 4. The…
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from article Bean
Pods of soybean plants (Glycine max). (Credit: Howard F. Schwartz/Colorado State University)
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from article Bean
Red dry bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris). (Credit: Howard F. Schwartz/Colorado State University)
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from article Bean
Different stages of maturity of the seeds of light red kidney beans in opened pods. (Credit: Howard F. Schwartz/Colorado State University)
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from article Bean
Symptoms of Pythium disease on Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) plants. (Credit: University of Georgia Plant Pathology Archive)
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from article Bean
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, on bean pods. (Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Series, Clemson University)
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from article Trypanites
Trypanites borings in a carbonate hardground from the Upper Ordovician of northern Kentucky. The borings descend from the top of the rock surface perpendicularly to the bedding. Each boring is filled with tiny dolomite crystals, making them stand…
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from article Vegetation and ecosystem mapping
Terrestrial major habitat types.
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from article Notoungulata
Skull and jaw of Adinotherium ovinum, an early Miocene toxodontid notoungulate from the Santa Cruz formation of Patagonia, Argentina.
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from article Notoungulata
Examples of molars of Adinotherium ovinum from the Santa Cruz formation of Patagonia, Argentina. (a) Upper molar. (b) Lower molar.
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from article Taiga
Siberian mountain taiga. (Credit: M. Valerii/Shutterstock)
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from article Taiga
Schematic profile of the three main subzones of the North American taiga, showing the main forest assemblages on three of the more important landform types: (a) northern taiga; (b) middle taiga; (c) southern taiga. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Extrapolation
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from article Sphere
Segment of a sphere formed by intersection of two parallel planes with sphere.
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from article Lamniformes
Representatives of the seven Lamniformes families. (a) Odontaspididae. (b) Mitsukurinidae. (c) Pseudocarchariidae. (d) Megachasmidae. (e) Alopiidae. (f) Cetorhinidae. (g) Lamnidae. (Illustration courtesy of J. S. Nelson, Fishes of the World, 4th…
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from article Lamniformes
Smalltooth sand tiger shark (Odontaspis ferox), a member of the family Odontaspididae in the order Lamniformes. (Photo courtesy of Ocean Explorer, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
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from article Biofilm
Biofilms are highly structured communities of microorganisms that are surface-associated or attached to one another, and are enclosed within a self-produced protective extracellular matrix. Biofilm formation and actions involve a number of stages:…
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from article Ctenothrissiformes
A Cretaceous ctenothrissiform fossil, Ctenothrissa sp. (order Ctenothrissiformes), on a limestone matrix found in Lebanon. Size: 90 mm (3.5 in.). (Photo courtesy of The Virtual Fossil Museum)
