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A material capable of fastening together two other materials by means of surface attachment. The terms glue, mucilage, mastic, and cement are synonymous with adhesive. In a generic sense, an adhesive is any material capable of fastening by means of…

The process of using an adhesive to manufacture an assembly. In this article, the adhesive-bonded assembly will be called an adhesive joint, and the materials to which the adhesive adheres will be called the adherends. The adhesive bonding process…

The ratio of the current to the voltage in an alternating-current circuit.In terms of complex current I and voltageV, the admittance of a circuit is given by Eq. (1), and is related to the impedance of the circuit Z by Eq. (2). Y is a complex number…

Processes for separation of gases based on the adsorption effect. When a pure gas or a gas mixture is contacted with a solid surface, some of the gas molecules are concentrated at the surface due to gas-solid attractive forces, in a phenomenon known…

The force exerted on a body whenever there is a relative velocity between the body and the air. There are only two basic sources of aerodynamic force: the pressure distribution and the frictional shear stress distribution exerted by the airflow on…

The force retarding an airplane, especially in supersonic flight, as a consequence of the formation of shock waves. Although the physical laws governing flight at speeds in excess of the speed of sound are the same as those for subsonic flight, the…

The applied science that deals with the dynamics of airflow and the resulting interactions between this airflow and solid boundaries. The solid boundaries may be a body immersed in the airflow (Fig. 1), or a duct of some shape through which the air…

A branch of engineering concerned primarily with the special problems of flight and other modes of transportation involving a heavy reliance on aerodynamics or fluid mechanics. The main emphasis in aeronautical engineering is on airplane and missile…

A suspension of small particles in a gas. The particles may be solid or liquid or a mixture of both. Aerosols are formed by the conversion of gases to particles, the disintegration of liquids or solids, or the resuspension of powdered material.…