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6,559 results

Project

3D Floor Plan

Floor plans show walls, windows, doors, and other features of a room or building. Architects and engineers use them to study spatial relationships and describe their designs. Typically, floor plans are rendered as two-dimensional drawings.In this…

Project

3D Skull Candy Mold

Whether preparing for Halloween or just a regular day, you can make skull-shaped edibles from this project's 3D candy mold. Like many molds, this one is a hollow container into which you can pour water or hot liquids, such as gelatin, chocolate, or…

Project

3D Spur Gear

A spur gear is a common toothed wheel that works with other wheels in a set to adjust the speed, power, or direction of a complex machine. It's found in many everyday devices, such as electric screwdrivers, washing machines, and mechanical clocks…

Project

3D Terrain Map

Terrain maps are physical models that give you an at-a-glance overview of landforms. Architects, builders, and engineers often use these types of maps to provide context to proposed building designs. In this project, you'll create a layered…

Project

3x3x3 LED Cube

LEDs (light-emitting diodes) are rectifying semiconductor devices that convert electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. You can use these devices to create a 3-dimensional light display. LED cubes require some care and good soldering skills…

Project

Arduino Oscilloscope

An oscilloscope is a device that allows you to see an electronic signal so that it appears as a waveform. Traditional oscilloscopes work by amplifying a signal to control the position of a dot on the y-axis (vertical axis) of a cathode-ray tube…

Project

Jumbo Foam Glider

This project takes you through the steps to build, launch, and fly a foam glider in sustained and controlled flight. Control in flight is achieved by modifying the wind the glider flies through with a large cardboard sheet (paddle). If this is your…

Project

Levitation Machine

This project allows you to use electromagnetic levitation to suspend a globe of the world above a surface. The "globe" is actually a table tennis ball painted to look like a globe. Keeping it in place requires careful control of electrical current…

Project

Light and Temperature Logger

Environmental research often involves the use of data loggers to record data at regular intervals over a period of time. Most data loggers are based on digital processors, and can be fairly expensive, but you can build your own. This project uses a…

Project

Pulse Generator Circuits

A pulse generator circuit is an important building block for many electronic projects, such as the heart of a digital clock. Its purpose is basically to switch an output on and off for as long as the circuit is activated. Sometimes, these circuits…

Project

Text-Controlled RGB LED

A red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diode (LED) is a useful electronic component that can produce visible light in a variety of colors. This is done by varying the intensity of the light output of the three different color LED elements (red,…

Project

Tumblewing Walkalong Glider

This project takes you through the steps to build, launch,and fly a paper airplane (glider) in sustained and controlled flight. Control in flight is achieved by modifying the wind the glider flies through with a large cardboard sheet or foam board…

Project

Ultralight Foam Glider

This project takes you through the steps to build, launch, and fly an ultralight foam glider in sustained and controlled flight. Controlled flight is achieved by modifying the wind the glider flies through with a large cardboard sheet, or paddle.The…

Project

Wind Lantern

In this project, you will build a small, vertical-axis wind turbine, or VAWT for short. VAWTs are not as efficient as their horizontal-axis cousins, but they are better suited to urban environments where wind can come from different…

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from article Exposure meter

Basic exposure meter circuits. (a) Photovoltaic type circuit. (b) Photoconductive type circuit.

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from article Donor atom

Pentavalent donor atom, phosphorus (P), in the elemental semiconductor silicon (Si). (a) Phosphorus atom in a substitutional position, that is, replacing silicon, a tetravalent host atom, by completing the four tetrahedral covalent bonds with its…

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from article Radiation damage to materials

The five principal mechanisms of radiation damage are ionization, vacancies, interstitials, impurity atoms, and thermal spikes. Diagram shows how a neutron might give rise to each in copper. Grid-line intersections are equilibrium positions for…

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from article Radiation damage to materials

Sensitivity of engineering materials to radiation. Levels are approximate and subject to variation. Changes are in most cases at least 10%. (After O. Sisman and J. C. Wilson, Nucleonics, 14:58–65, 1956)

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from article Oscilloscope

Four-channel 150-MHz analog oscilloscope. (Credit: Tektronix)

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from article Oscilloscope

Sweep generator waveforms. (a) Single waveform, showing instant of trigger (T). (b) Dual time base in set-up mode: sweep by A, intensified by B. (c) Dual time base in delayed display mode: scan delayed by A, sweep by B.

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from article Oscilloscope

High-speed general-purpose digitizing oscilloscope. (Credit: Tektronix)

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from article Afterburner

Diagram of turbojet engine showing afterburner.

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from article Afterburner

Thermocycle diagrams for turbojet engine. (a) Pressure vs volume. (b) Temperature vs entropy. Shaded areas show increased output produced by afterburner.

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from article Zener diode

Diode voltage-current (V-I) characteristics.

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from article Zener diode

Zener diode circuit to define a very stable current, I, using an operational amplifier and three stable resistors, R1, R2, and R3. The voltage V1 across the Zener itself defines a higher level V2 from which the current I is drawn.

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from article Pirani gage

Diagram of a Pirani gage.

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from article Zinc alloys

Creep of two pressure-die-cast zinc alloys at 167°F (75°C). 1 ton-force/in.2 = 13.8 MPa.

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from article Zinc alloys

Variation with temperature and stress to produce 0.1% plastic strain in 500 h for two zinc die-casting alloys. 1 tonf/in.2 = 13.8 MPa.

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from article Zinc alloys

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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)

Network and its Thévenin equivalent. (a) Original network. (b) Thévenin equivalent circuit.

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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)

Network and its Norton equivalent. (a) Original network. (b) Norton equivalent circuit.

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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)

Power distribution circuit and its Thévenin and Norton equivalents. (a) Original circuit. (b) Thévenin equivalent circuit with its load ZL connected. (c) Norton equivalent circuit.

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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)

Amplifier and its Thévenin and Norton equivalents. Numerical values are given in the text. (a) Original circuit. (b) Circuit constructed to find Thévenin impedance. (c) Thévenin equivalent circuit. (d) Norton equivalent circuit.

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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)

Circuit constructed to demonstrate Thévenin's theorem.

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from article Digital filter

Finite impulse response (FIR) filters. (a) Tapped delay-line filter. (b) Injected delay-line filter.

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from article Digital filter

Elemental building blocks of infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. (a) First-order building block; direct form. wn = b1 wn − 1 + xn, yn = a0 wn + a1 wn − 1. (b) First-order building block; transpose form. (c) Biquadratic building block; direct…

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from article Digital filter

Realizations of higher-order filters from elemental building blocks. (a) Cascade realization. (b) Partial- fraction-expansion realization.

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from article Digital filter

Digital all-pass filters. (a) First-order filter. (b) Second-order lattice filter. (c) Higher-order filter assembled from a parallel bank of all-pass sections.

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from article Digital filter

Typical adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter.

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from article Negative-resistance circuits

Characteristics of negative resistors. (a) Definition of voltage (v) and current (i) polarities. (b) Voltage-current transfer characteristic of an ideal negative resistor. (c) Transfer characteristic of practical physical devices with…

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from article Negative-resistance circuits

Large-signal behavior of a negative resistance having a finite internal power supply. (a) Voltage-controlled resistance. (b) Current-controlled resistance.

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from article Negative-resistance circuits

Application of a negative resistance to cancel the effect of a load, thereby making a kind of amplifier.

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from article Negative-resistance circuits

Negative resistor used as a memory circuit (or bistable circuit or latch). (a) Circuit. (b) Resistor characteristic.

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from article Negative-resistance circuits

Negative-resistance oscillator (or astable circuit). (a) Circuit. (b) Resistor characteristic. (c) Voltage and current waveforms.

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from article Negative-resistance circuits

Active circuits that simulate a negative resistance. (a) Circuit that uses an ideal voltage amplifier with a gain of 2. (b) Circuit that uses an operational amplifier. (c) The operational-amplifier clipping characteristic and resulting large-signal…

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from article Negative-resistance circuits

Ideal negative resistor implemented with an ideal voltage-controlled current source. (a) Ideal circuit. (b) Practical MOSFET implementation.

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from article Wellpoint system

Components of a wellpoint system.

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from article Fan

Fan types. (a) Centrifugal. (b) Axial.

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from article Fan

Static pressure characteristics of backwardly curved blade centrifugal fan at constant speed. 1 horsepower = 746 W. l in. water = 249 Pa. 1 ft3/min = 0.00047 m3/s.

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from article Fan

Percentage characteristics compare performance of three forms of centrifugal fans. 1 horsepower = 746 W.

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from article Fan

Percentage characteristics of one axial fan. 1 horsepower = 746 W.

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from article Fan

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from article Concrete beam

Sketch of concrete beam. (a) Actual beam section. (b) Same section transformed. The use of the term (n − 1)A′s prevents compression steel area from being included twice when computing moment of inertia of section; (n − 1)A′s = nA′s − A′s, because…

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from article Concrete beam

Stress distribution in a rectangular beam designed according to elastic theory. C is total compressive force in concrete and T is total tensile stress in longitudinal reinforcement.

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from article Concrete beam

Stress distribution in a rectangular beam under ultimate load; T and C are as in Fig. 2.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

Direct current, which is constant in magnitude and does not vary with time.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

Alternating current, which periodically reverses direction with time. In this example, the current varies sinusoidally with time.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

Nonsinusoidal voltage wave.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

Transient electric current.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

Series circuit.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

Parallel circuit.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

Series-parallel circuit.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

A three-mesh electric network.

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from article Circuit (electricity)

Inductively coupled circuit.

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from article Structural design

Thrust structure for the Ares V launch vehicle (rocket). The thrust structure is made of a lightweight aluminum-lithium alloy and uses a network of hollow tubular struts (a truss) to attach the engines which produce about 1600 metric tons of thrust.…

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from article Structural design

Wind-tunnel model records of base moment (overturning force) versus time, showing effects of building shape and damping. (a) Square-cornered wind-tunnel model with 1% damping. (b) Double-notched model with 1% damping. (c) Double-notched model with…

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from article Structural design

Common structural materials. (a) Hot-rolled steel or extruded aluminum. (b) Cold-rolled steel or aluminum. (c) Reinforced concrete. (d) Wood. (e) Masonry: reinforced concrete masonry.

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from article Structural design

Forces in structural members. (a) Tension. (b) Compression. (c) Flexure (bending). (d) Shear. (e) Torsion (twist).

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from article Structural design

Structural schemes. (a) Tension: suspension bridge. (b) Compression: arches and domes. (c) Flexure: beams and frames. (d) Truss: forces resolved into tension and compression. (e) Shear: plates and shells. (f) Stressed skin and monocoque: airplane…

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from article Structural design

Petronas Twin Towers and skybridge interaction. Different mode shapes or “dance moves” of twin towers and the bridge between them.

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from article Structural design

Building information model examples for the renovation of Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois. (a) Model showing bolts. (b) Model of complex grandstand. (c) Actual construction matches model.

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from article Oil and gas well completion

Casing detail; casing strings in an oil well.

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from article Oil and gas well completion

Diagram of barefoot completion.

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from article Oil and gas well completion

Liner-type completion; preperforated liner.

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from article Oil and gas well completion

Typical layout of a Christmas tree manifold.

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from article Oil and gas well completion

Schematic diagram of most commonly used downhole pumps.

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from article Oil and gas well completion

Schematic representation of operation of a gas lift string. (a) Oil level above first valve. (b) First valve open and gas entering tubing; oil level in casing/tubing annulus moving downward. (c) Oil level has moved downward, and each valve has…

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from article Oil and gas well completion

Schematic diagram of a multiple completion.

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from article Radiation shielding

Neutron spectrum as produced from the fission of 235U by thermal neutrons. (After L. Canberg et al., Phys. Rev., 103:662–670, 1956)

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from article Radiation shielding

Energy spectrum of gamma rays observed within 10−7 s after fission.

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from article Radiation shielding

Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients for lead.

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from article Radiation shielding

Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients versus atomic number of absorbing material for various energies.

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from article Radiation shielding

Typical power reactor shield configuration.

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from article Grounding

Each conductively isolated portion of a distribution system requires its ground.

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from article Grounding

Symbol to denote connection to a reference ground that is independent of earth.

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from article Grounding

Commonly used patterns of grounding. (a) Single-phase three-wire 240/120-V service. (b) Three-phase four-wire 208/120- or 480/277-V service. (c) Three-phase three- wire pattern. (d ) Three-phase four-wire Δ 240-V line-to-line pattern. (e)…

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from article Grounding

Varieties of system grounding impedances in common use.

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from article Grounding

Resistance grounding. (General Electric Co.)

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from article Grounding

Equivalent supply circuit to one phase conductor (relative to ground) of an “ungrounded” electric power system. EL-L = line-to-line voltage; XCO/3 = capacitive reactance coupling to ground.

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from article Grounding

Heavy line shows typical equipment grounding conductor.

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from article Grounding

Complete enclosure of power conductors within a continuous grounded steel shell confines electric and magnetic effects of power currents.

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from article Grounding

A simple “person model” to be used in the evaluation of electric shock voltage-exposure intensity.

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from article Grounding

Surface-potential control in an earth-floor electrical station obtained by a mesh grid of buried grounding equalizing conductors. (a) Physical pattern of conductors in one bay. (b) Station surface potential Es above mean earth potential during a…

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from article Kelvin bridge

Kelvin bridge. (a) Actual circuit. (b) Equivalent Wheatstone bridge circuit.

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from article Nonlinear control theory

Nonlinear systems. (a) Inverted pendulum, which serves as a model for (b) a rocket booster and (c) a robot arm.

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from article Nonlinear control theory

Phase-plane (x1 x2-plane) portrait of the system given by Eqs. (19), showing contours of constant value of the Lyapunov function V given in Eq. (20) and a typical trajectory.

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from article Nonlinear control theory

Control function characteristic of a relay.

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from article Nonlinear control theory

Lur'e-type nonlinear control system. (a) Block diagram. (b) Nonlinearity sector, the shaded area between the y axis and the line through the origin with slope k, to which the nonlinear function of the controller, u = ϕ(y), is confined.

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from article Nonlinear control theory

Popov's graphical criterion. The Popov locus G*(jω) must lie to the right of the Popov line.

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from article Sunlamp

Effectiveness of erythemal radiation shown as a function of wavelength.

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6,559 results

3D Floor Plan

3D Skull Candy Mold

3D Spur Gear

3D Terrain Map

3x3x3 LED Cube

Arduino Oscilloscope

Jumbo Foam Glider

Levitation Machine

Light and Temperature Logger

Pulse Generator Circuits

Text-Controlled RGB LED

Tumblewing Walkalong Glider

Ultralight Foam Glider

Wind Lantern

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