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Project

1-Wire Weather Station

The weather station in this project is quite basic, measuring only temperature, pressure, and humidity, but it may be easily expanded to measure other weather components, such as wind speed and rainfall. The design is based on using a series of…

Project

3D Terrain Map

Terrain maps are physical models that give you an at-a-glance overview of landforms. Architects, builders, and engineers often use these types of maps to provide context to proposed building designs. In this project, you'll create a layered…

Project

Wind Lantern

In this project, you will build a small, vertical-axis wind turbine, or VAWT for short. VAWTs are not as efficient as their horizontal-axis cousins, but they are better suited to urban environments where wind can come from different…

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from article Ordovician

Ordovician, the second period of the Paleozoic Era.

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from article Ordovician

Early Ordovician (Arenig) paleogeography, major rock suites and potential ocean surface currents; based on remanent magnetism data supplemented by plots of the positions of shelf sea carbonates and reefs.

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from article Ferret

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from article Granite

Classification of granitic rocks by the IUGS scheme. All proportions are by volume percentages.

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from article South America

Map of South America.

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from article South America

Andes Mountains, Chile. The Andes, which parallel the Pacific coast, constitute one of the Earth's most majestic features. Only the Himalayas exceed them in elevation and mass. (United Press International)

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from article South America

Representative view of the hilly uplands and low mountain country of the Guiana Highlands. One of five waterfalls on the Canaima River, Gran Sabana in southern Venezuela. (Venezuelan Information Service)

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from article South America

Uplifted beaches on desert coast, east side of San Juan Bay, Departmento de Ica, Peru. The sea cliff is about 100 ft (30 m) high. Each horizontal line represents a former beach. (Photograph by F. Atchley)

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from article South America

Port of Matarani on the desert coast of southern Peru. This oblique aerial view looks coastwise southward over one of the world's driest and most barren coastal zones. (Servicio Aerofotográfico Nacional)

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from article Zosterophyllopsida

Examples of Devonian Zosterophyllopsida. (a) Reconstruction of the Early Devonian Zosterophyllum rhenanum, here depicted as an aquatic plant (after R. Kräusel and H. Weyland, Neue Pflanzenfunde im rheinischen Unterdevon, Palaeontographica B,…

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from article Bytownite

Bytownite, from Crystal Bay, Minnesota. (Specimen from Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College)

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from article Ophiuroidea

Representative ophiuroids, which have a quite distinctive shape. (a) Ophiopeza cylindrica (alternatively, Pectinura cylindrica). (b) Asteroporpa australiensis (alternatively, Astroporpa wilsoni). (c) Gorgonocephalus chilensis.

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from article Ophiuroidea

External features of the ophiuroid Amphiura. (a) Aboral view. (b) Adoral view.

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from article Metamorphic rocks

Fabrics of metamorphic rocks under microscope. (a) Mortar fabric; (b) flaser or mylonitic fabric; (c) granoblastic fabric (after E. E. Wahlstrom, Petrographic Mineralogy, John Wiley and Sons, 1955). (d) Lepidoblastic fabric; (e) nematoblastic…

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from article Metamorphic rocks

Diagram showing the general relationship between deformation folding and slaty cleavage caused by pressure PP or the couple ScSc. Heavy black lines denote the original bedding deformed into folds. Thin lines indicate slaty cleavage which may grow…

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from article Metamorphic rocks

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from article Metamorphic rocks

Mineral facies groups of regional metamorphic rocks showing the temperature and pressure of metamorphism. °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32.1 km = 0.6 mi.

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from article Geographic information systems

Comparison of (a) raster and (b) vector data models at the boundary of a residential housing subdivision. Raster data files consist of rows of uniform cells coded according to data values. Raster files are easily manipulated, but are less detailed…

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from article Geographic information systems

Overlay analysis using raster data files.

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from article Chaos

Graphic depicting extreme rainfall totals in the state of South Carolina in early October, 2015, which according to National Weather Service statistics represented a 1,000-year rainfall event, meaning such an event is expected to occur about once…

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from article Chaos

Transition from order to chaos (turbulence) in a rising column of cigarette smoke. The initial smooth streamline flow represents order, while the erratic flow represents chaos.

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from article Chaos

Three-dimensional visualization of the Lorenz butterfly as traced out by the trajectory of the original simulation reported by Lorenz in 1963 (σ = 10, b = 8/3, r = 28) with initial conditions (X, Y, Z) = (0, 1, 0). The integration was performed with…

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from article Chaos

Separation of solutions on the Lorenz attractor. The two trajectories starting from the nearby initial points indicated by the balls in the right lobe of the attractor stay together for several circuits around both lobes and then separate as they…

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from article Chaos

Examples of fractal (self-similar) sets. (a) The Mandelbrot set in the complex plane, with origin indicated by the cross. A single point in the complex plane (in this case C = 0.314 − 0.537 i, where 1 = 1 ) generates (b) an associated Julia set.

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from article Chaos

Representations of pendulum motion corresponding to a periodic variation in angular position θ whose amplitude is just less than π radians (180°). (a) Phase-space representation (plot of momentum p versus θ). (b) Time plots of θ and of p = Θ. (c)…

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from article Chaos

Example of a pendulum in which gravity and a torsional ribbon act in opposition. The oscillating mass is a thin semicircular metal plate that is rigidly attached to the ribbon at its midpoint. The ribbon is fixed at each end but twists where the…

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from article Chaos

Simple fractal geometry attractors generated by computer. (a) Attractor generated using the Chirikov map defined by Eqs. (15), with c = 1.6 and initial values p0 = θ0 = 2. (b) Attractor generated using the torsion-gravity pendulum map defined by…

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from article Chaos

Examples of the period-doubling route to chaos for two vastly different iterative expressions. (a) The logistic map, defined by Eq. (18). (b) The Chebyshev root-finding algorithm applied to Kepler's equation, defined by Eqs. (20) and (21) with…

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from article Chaos

Power spectra of acoustic cavitation noise at four different excitation levels, showing the successive filling of the spectrum by period doubling (frequency halving) when the sound input intensity is raised. Numbers at tops of the graphs indicate…

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from article Chaos

Dependence of the scaled threshold field n40 F (10%) that produces an ionization probability of 10% after weakly bound hydrogen atoms are exposed to about 300 microwave field oscillations, on the scaled frequency n30ω.

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from article Bean

Pods of soybean plants (Glycine max). (Credit: Howard F. Schwartz/Colorado State University)

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from article Bean

Red dry bean pods (Phaseolus vulgaris). (Credit: Howard F. Schwartz/Colorado State University)

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from article Bean

Different stages of maturity of the seeds of light red kidney beans in opened pods. (Credit: Howard F. Schwartz/Colorado State University)

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from article Bean

Symptoms of Pythium disease on Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) plants. (Credit: University of Georgia Plant Pathology Archive)

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from article Bean

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, on bean pods. (Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Series, Clemson University)

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from article Formation

Geological units of Paleozoic age recognized in the walls of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. (Modified from S. S. Beus, Geology along the South Kaibab Trail, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona, in S. S. Beus, ed., Geological Society of America Centennial…

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from article Precipitation measurement

Automatic gages. (a) Tipping-bucket rain gage. (b) Weighing rain gage. (Belfort Instrument)

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from article Precipitation measurement

Comparison of rainfall rates measured with gages and radar using (a) the R, Z relation and (b) the R, KDP relation. Each data point (+) is the rainfall rate for a single storm.

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from article Trypanites

Trypanites borings in a carbonate hardground from the Upper Ordovician of northern Kentucky. The borings descend from the top of the rock surface perpendicularly to the bedding. Each boring is filled with tiny dolomite crystals, making them stand…

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from article Vegetation and ecosystem mapping

Terrestrial major habitat types.

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from article Notoungulata

Skull and jaw of Adinotherium ovinum, an early Miocene toxodontid notoungulate from the Santa Cruz formation of Patagonia, Argentina.

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from article Notoungulata

Examples of molars of Adinotherium ovinum from the Santa Cruz formation of Patagonia, Argentina. (a) Upper molar. (b) Lower molar.

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from article Barometer

Type of mercury barometer used in meteorology.

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from article Taiga

Siberian mountain taiga. (Credit: M. Valerii/Shutterstock)

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from article Taiga

Schematic profile of the three main subzones of the North American taiga, showing the main forest assemblages on three of the more important landform types: (a) northern taiga; (b) middle taiga; (c) southern taiga. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article West Indies

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from article Geoelectricity

Time variations of the horizontal orthogonal components of the natural (a) magnetic and (b) electric fields, simultaneously measured at one site at the surface.

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