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A conductor whose purpose is to emit and/or receive electromagnetic waves using the bulk oscillations of electric charges within the conductor. The conduction electrons in antennas are free to move throughout the conductor. The electrons form a bulk…

The subfield of computer science concerned with understanding the nature of intelligence and constructing computer systems capable of intelligent behavior. Many activities, such as perception, learning, planning, natural language, and understanding,…

Earth's oldest desert and the most arid place outside of Antarctica's Dry Valleys. Located along the edge of the Pacific Ocean and to the west of the Andes in Chile's Antofagasta Province, the Atacama Desert (Fig. 1) has long been recognized as…

The ongoing lower level of species extinction intensity occurring between episodes of mass extinctions. Extinction is a normal part of the history of life. Out of every 100 species that have ever lived on Earth, 99 are no longer in existence.…