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There is a growing body of evidence that many of the thousands of prescription and over-the-counter medications ultimately make their way into water bodies and drinking-water supplies. Typical wastewater treatment plants may not be effective at…

A disease of the nervous system characterized by a progressive dementia that leads to profound impairment in cognition and behavior. Dementia occurs in a number of brain diseases where the impairment in cognitive abilities represents a decline from…

A psychiatric disorder in which a dramatic reduction in caloric intake consequent to excessive dieting leads to significant bodily, physiological, biochemical, emotional, psychological, and behavioral disturbances. Anorexia nervosa is one of three…

The capability that a bacterium acquires to counteract an inhibitory chemical molecule or compound that was formerly effective in killing it or preventing its growth. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria (Fig. 1) is a hot topic in the media and in…

Chemical compounds biosynthetically or synthetically produced that destroy or usefully suppress the growth or metabolism of a variety of microscopic or submicroscopic forms of life. On the basis of their primary activity, antimicrobial agents (see…

A group of distinct psychiatric disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Whereas fear is an adaptive emotion that is…

Any treatment or procedure that includes the in-vitro handling of oocytes (immature ova or egg cells) and sperm or embryos for the purpose of establishing a pregnancy. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is undertaken as a treatment of…

A neurodevelopmental condition that impairs the way that a person relates to and communicates with other people. Persons with autism have difficulties with social communication and interaction. They also can have unusual behaviors, such as…