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All About Shark Repellant

For decades, the U.S. government issued a chemical shark repellent to pilots, sailors, and even astronauts to fend off potential shark attacks. The problem was, that substance did not actually work. This video explains why developing an…

Video / Animation

Are We Running Out of Vanilla?

Vanilla is a flavor so common that some people use it as an adjective to describe something plain or ordinary. But watch out! This beloved, flavorful bean may soon become a rarity. Credit: Reactions/American Chemical Society

Video / Animation

A Better Hearing Aid Using Artificial Intelligence

Neuroengineer Nima Mesgarani is using a form of artificial intelligence called neural network models to a develop improved hearing aids. If successful, hearing impaired individuals will be better able to identify and focus on a speaker of…

Video / Animation

Biomes

This animation explains the concept of biomes (major communities of organisms distributed over wide areas) and describes some of the biomes found around the world.

Video / Animation

Can Pheromones Get You A Date?

Is there such a thing as love at first scent? Hundreds of spray-on pheromone products claim to put you on the fast track to romance, but can they really help humans land a mate? This video has the answers. [Credit: Reactions/American Chemical…

Video / Animation

Can Plastic Be Composted?

Thanks to the demands of eco-conscious consumers, biodegradable and compostable plastics are cropping up everywhere. Are these green plastics the solution to our throwaway lifestyle? Well, it’s complicated, as this video explains. Credit:…

Video / Animation

Chameleons Are Masters of Nanotechnology

What do chameleons have to do with nanotechnology? You'll find out when you watch this video. These color-changing lizards are some of nature’s most interesting animals, all because they are masters of pigment and light. Explore the chemistry…

Video / Animation

The Chemistry of Cats

Cats: they are the subject of millions of videos and hundreds of memes. This video has answers to some of the biggest cat-related questions out there: Why does catnip make most cats go crazy? How does kitty litter clump? And what does it mean…

Video / Animation

The Chemistry of Love

This video explains how certain neurotransmitters fuel lifelong pair bonds in prairie voles, which—along with humans—are the mammalian kingdom's leading monogamists. In the video, Abigail Marsh, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology at…

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The Chemistry of Snake Venom

Poisonous snakes are dangerous, but what exactly makes their venom so powerful? The answer is chemistry. This video sheds some light on the proteins in snake venom, as well as its potential medical uses. Credit: Reactions/American Chemical…

Video / Animation

Compact Disk

This animation explains how a compact disk stores recorded information.

Video / Animation

A Company Named Carbon is Changing 3D Printing

Joe DeSimone cofounded a company called Carbon (formerly Carbon3D) to bring chemistry to bear on 3D printing. This video shows how Joe enabled the company to print at unprecedented speeds, and churn out materials that have never been printed…

Video / Animation

Do Humans Have Pheromones?

Online entrepreneurs may try to sell bottled human pheromones, but do these even exist? It's doubtful, according to this video. Credit: Reactions/American Chemical Society

Video / Animation

Do Mega Sharks Still Exist?

Best-selling author Sam Kean debunks the myth of the Megalodon, the 50-foot super shark that, despite what you may have read, is long extinct. In this video, Kean unravels the myth by explaining how the element manganese holds the key.…

Video / Animation

Dragon's Blood Could Save Your Life

Chemists have found potential drugs and other useful compounds in some truly bizarre places in nature. Who would have thought that blood from the Komodo dragon could have a secret inside of it that could possibly save your life? This video…

Video / Animation

Honey is Really Bee Puke

Honey is great for drizzling over toast, stirring into tea, and many other uses. What most people don’t know is that during the trip from the flower in the field to the jar on your table, honey spends a lot of time in a bee’s gut. This video…

Video / Animation

How Can You Catch Fruit Flies?

As the saying goes, you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar. But can you? This video explains the chemistry behind why fruit flies love vinegar so much that some entomologists call them “vinegar flies.” Credit:…

Video / Animation

How Should You Treat a Jellyfish Sting?

Jellyfish seem serene, but the pain that comes from a run-in with their tentacles is anything but tranquil. You may have heard a certain rumor about how to treat a jellyfish sting to make the pain go away, but does that icky old-wives' tale…

Video / Animation

How to Get Rid of Skunk Odor

This video reveals the chemical compounds that give skunk spray its horrendous odor and offers tips for what to do if you or your pet accidentally get sprayed. Credit: Reactions/American Chemical Society

Video / Animation

How To Make Fish Less Fishy

Freshly caught fish is delicious. But after a day or two, that filet in your fridge smells a little fishier, thanks to a stinky molecule known as trimethylamine. Find out how to make fish taste and smell less fishy with this video. Learn…

Video / Animation

How Worms Turn Garbage into Compost

If you’ve eaten food today that has at least one ingredient that was farmed, you probably owe some thanks to earthworms. How do these lowly invertebrates turn what humans find inedible into beloved compost? Earthworms have an extra enzyme…

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Is it Okay to Pee in the Ocean?

Many people have done it, but few admit to it. This video explains why, from an environmental perspective, it is absolutely acceptable to urinate in the ocean. (Correction: At 1:50, the narration and text should read "250 gallons," not…

Video / Animation

Is Uncooked Rice Bad for Birds?

You may have heard that tossing rice at weddings will harm wild birds. This video explains why that myth is not backed up by science, and proves it with chemistry. Credit: Reactions/American Chemical Society

Video / Animation

Learning the Language of Love

Songbirds have a finite time period in which they must learn to sing. Humans, too, have a limited period to learn to communicate. Neuroscientist Sara Woolley studies the brain science and learning pathways of finches—songbirds who mate for…

Video / Animation

A New Weapon in the Chemical Arsenal of Amazonian Poison Frogs

Deep in the Amazon rainforest, scientists have uncovered a family of chemicals that the poison dart frog uses to defend itself. This video explains how this tiny amphibian uses chemistry to create some of the most powerful toxins in the…

Video / Animation

Radar

This animation shows how radar (radio detection and ranging) works.

Video / Animation

The Scent of Catnip

Most cats love catnip, but that’s not why this flowering plant produces its volatile oils. The scent of catnip is actually an application of "the enemy of my enemy is my friend" strategy. Find out exactly what that means in this video.…

Video / Animation

The Stuff Seashells Are Made Of

Did you know that seashells are made of basically the same stuff as chalk? So why is chalk crumbly but seashells are durable? This video explains that the secret is in the shells' biochemistry. Credit: Reactions/American Chemical Society

Video / Animation

Surströmming: Secrets of a Stinky Swedish Fish

Surströmming—Swedish for sour herring—is legendary for its powerful odor. That malodorous scent is a result of the chemistry of preserving food. This video explores what might just be the world's smelliest food, with help from the people who…

Video / Animation

Tardigrades Are Survivalists

The humble tardigrade can be found practically anywhere there is enough water for it to live, and quite a few places there isn’t. It can survive drying out, extreme heat and cold, and even exposure to a vacuum. This odd, ugly-cute organism's…

Video / Animation

What Makes Blue-Green Algae Dangerous?

Pond scum is usually just a nuisance, but under certain environmental conditions, blue-green algae (which are actually bacteria) can blossom into harmful algal blooms. These blooms can release all sorts of deadly poisons into the environment.…

Video / Animation

What's in Dog Food?

There are many different types of dog-food formulas on the market. Some are designed for weight loss, long shelf life, or making sure that your dog eats a balanced diet. This video explains the chemistry behind what’s being used to make the…

Video / Animation

Why Are Birds Different Colors?

This video explores the wide range of chemical and physical behaviors different bird species use to make their plumage stand out or disappear. Credit: Reactions/American Chemical Society

Video / Animation

Why Do Wasps Attack?

Why do wasps become more aggressive after you kill a hive member? The answer is the same reason as why you should be wary of bees that smell like bananas. This short video uses chemistry to explain that statement. Credit:…

Video / Animation

Why Do Wet Dogs Stink? And Other Canine Chemistry

Dogs—they can be our best four-legged friends, and they’re the stars of many Internet videos. This video investigates the chemistry behind a dog’s amazing sense of smell, and why wet dogs stink. And have you ever noticed that dog food smells…

Video / Animation

Why Don't Antarctic Fish Freeze to Death?

Intuitively, it would seem like fish living in the icy oceans around Antarctica should freeze to death. This video explains that these fish, called notothenioids, are highly adapted to their environment, thanks to antifreeze proteins in their…

Video / Animation

Why Flamingos Are Pink and Hardcore

Flamingos may be associated with tacky lawn ornaments in some circles, but this video is here to show you why these birds are one of the most hardcore animals on the planet. They survive where almost nothing else can. And how do they get to…

Video / Animation

Why is Chocolate Bad for Dogs?

You may have heard that chocolate is high on the list of things that dogs should not be eating, but have you ever wondered why? One molecule, theobromine, is the central culprit to chocolate's toxicity to dogs. This video takes a closer look…

Video / Animation

Zika, Mosquitoes, and How to Not Get Bitten

Diseases from mosquito bites kill hundreds of thousands of people every year worldwide. In 2015, another mosquito-borne illness began to make headlines: the once-rare Zika virus. The virus spread throughout Brazil, and the World Health…

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from article Otter

North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). (Credit: Alan and Sandy Carey/Getty Images)

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from article Otter

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris) in the water off the coast of Moss Landing, California. (Credit: Lilian Carswell/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

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from article Acanthodii

Jaws of an Early Devonian ischnacanthid from northern Canada. The upper palatoquadrate and lower meckelian cartilages have tooth-bearing jawbones along their facing edges. (From University of Alberta, Laboratory for Vertebrate Paleontology…

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from article Acanthodii

Examples of acanthodians from the Early Devonian of northern Canada. (a) Primitive climatiiform Lupopsyrus. (b) Diplacanthid Tetanopsyrus. (c) Ischnacanthiform Ischnacanthus. (d) Unnamed mesacanthid acanthodiform. (From the University of Alberta,…

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from article Echiura

Echiuran anatomy. (a) External anatomy, ventral view. (b) Internal anatomy, dorsal view. A, anus; AV, anal vesicles; G, gut (middle section removed for clarity); M, mouth; N, nephridia (egg and sperm storage organs); S, setae; VNC, ventral nerve…

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from article Schizomida

Schizomus sawadai. (After K. Sekiguchi and T. Yamasaki, A redescription of “Trithyreus sawadi” (Uropygi: Schizomidae) from the Bonin Islands, Acta Arachnol., 24(2):73–81, 1972)

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from article Data structure