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A mathematical entity consisting of a set of values (the carrier set) and a collection of operations that manipulate them. For example, the Integer abstract data type consists of a carrier set containing the positive and negative whole numbers and…

An autonomous undersea vehicle that can be launched from submarines, surface ships, or aircraft to attack enemy submarines and surface ships. An acoustic torpedo is a sophisticated weapon. Its main components are a guidance and control system, a…

Signal processing is a discipline that deals with the extraction of information from signals. The devices that perform this task can be physical hardware devices, specialized software codes, or combinations of both. In recent years the complexity of…

Radar equipment carried by commercial and military aircraft. These aircraft use airborne radar systems to assist in weather assessment and navigation. Military systems also provide other specialized capabilities such as targeting of hostile aircraft…

A well-defined procedure to solve a problem. As such, an algorithm describes how to solve a problem (Fig. 1). The study of algorithms is a fundamental area of computer science. In writing a computer program to solve a problem, a programmer expresses…

A book that contains astronomical or meteorological data arranged according to days, weeks, and months of a given year and may also include diverse information of a nonastronomical character. This article is restricted to astronomical and…