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from article Information processing (psychology)

The four major lobes of the cerebral cortex, that is, the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, are responsible for different aspects of information processing. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Information processing (psychology)

Horizontal associative memory with a serious associative interference problem (who plays tennis—John, Peter, or both?) and no encoding of where each proposition begins and ends. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Information processing (psychology)

Vertical associative memory where concepts are grouped into phrases and propositions by associating each concept to a higher-order node that represents the entire group. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Octopoda

An octopod swimming in the ocean. (Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto)

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from article Octopoda

Hapalochlaena maculosa, the Southern or lesser blue-ringed octopus, has vivid, small blue rings on its body and arms, highlighted with black outlines. Location: Mrs. Watson's Bay, Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. (Credit: Clyde F. E.…

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from article Octopoda

Hapalochlaena fasciata, the blue-lined octopus, has vivid blue lines on its body and rings on its arms, highlighted with black outlines. Location: Long Reef, New South Wales, Australia. (Credit: Clyde F. E. Roper)

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from article Octopoda

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from article Polyplacophora

Chiton on a rock surface. (Photo courtesy of the NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

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from article Polyplacophora

Polyplacophoran mollusk (chiton): (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view.

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from article Eclipse

The August 21, 2017 total solar eclipse, as seen from Hopkinsville, Kentucky, USA at 2:25 p.m. EDT. (Credit: NASA)

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from article Eclipse

Circumstances of solar and lunar eclipses (not to scale).

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from article Eclipse

Diamond-ring effect at the beginning of totality during the solar eclipse of July 11, 2010, observed from Easter Island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. (Credit: Jay M. Pasachoff/Science Faction, Muzhou Lu, and Craig Malamut, Williams College…

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from article Eclipse

Total solar eclipse of July 11, 2010, observed from Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean. (a) Image composited from several exposures using radial filters in order to show a wide dynamic range of intensity of the corona and to bring out the structures…

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from article Eclipse

Solar eclipse of April 8, 2005, observed during totality from a ship in the mid-Pacific Ocean, west of the Galápagos Islands. (Credit: Jay M. Pasachoff and Dava Sobel/Science Faction)

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from article Eclipse

Paths of all total solar eclipses from 2001 through 2025. The point of greatest eclipse is indicated by an asterisk on each eclipse path. (Credit: Eclipse map by Michael Zeiler, www.eclipse-maps.com. Eclipse paths by Xavier Jubier, xjubier.free.fr.)

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from article Eclipse

Cross section through the Earth's shadow cone (umbra) at the Moon's distance, showing the motion of the Moon at three types of lunar eclipses: penumbral eclipse, partial umbral eclipse, and total umbral eclipse.

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from article Eclipse

Stages of the total lunar eclipse of December 21, 2010. (Credit: Glenn Schneider)

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from article Eclipse

Total lunar eclipse of December 9, 1992, which was so dark that it rendered the Moon nearly invisible during totality. (Credit: F. Espenak)

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from article Clathrate compounds

Schematic drawing of the lattices of (a, c) urea and (b, d) thiourea; c and d show accommodation of unbranched and branched paraffin chains, respectively.

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from article Clathrate compounds

Molecular model of α-dextrin–iodine compound seen in the direction of the c axis, that is, in the direction of the iodine chains, which lie in channels.

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from article Aconchulinida

Aconchulinida. (a) Penardia cometa. (b) Penardia mutabilis.

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from article Incandescence

Graph showing the relation between the brightness of a blackbody and temperature. °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32.

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from article Siphonaptera

Head of Spilopsyllus cuniculi (rabbit flea), with extended mouthparts.

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from article Planet

An artist’s impression of a mere sampling of the planetary diversity expected to exist in nature. [Credit: C. Pulliam & D. Aguilar (CfA)]

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from article Planet

Plan of the solar system's major and dwarf planets. (a) Solar system out to Neptune. (b) Dwarf planets in the outer solar system (Credit: Emily L. Schaller)

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from article Planet

Orbital elements, which determine the position of a planet in its orbit and the orientation of the orbit in space. Symbols explained in text.

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from article Planet

The interiors of the 8 planets and the dwarf planet Pluto. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are characterized by dense, metallic cores and lower-density mantles and crusts. Jupiter and Saturn have compositions that mimic the Sun's, though…

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from article Planet

Complex lunar crater Bullialdus, 60 km (37 mi) in diameter, shows terraced sides, a central peak, and a flat bottom. It may be compared to the small (less than 8 km or 5 mi) crater in the foreground, which is simple and bowl-shaped. (Credit: NASA)

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from article Planet

Ultraviolet images from the Hubble Space Telescope, which reveal auroral emission surrounding the north magnetic pole of Jupiter. [Credit: NASA, ESA, and J. Nichols (University of Leicester)]

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from article Neandertals

Neandertal cranium excavated from Forbes' Quarry, Gibraltar. Note the pronounced brow ridges, large braincase, and receding forehead. (Credit: Clive Finlayson/Gibraltar Museum)

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from article Neandertals

Gorham's Cave, Gibraltar, is the last known site of Neandertal occupation, being dated possibly to 30,000 years ago. (Credit: Clive Finlayson/Gibraltar Museum)

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from article Neandertals

Reconstructed skull of a Neandertal from the cave at La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France. (Credit: Illustration adapted from an original drawing by M. F. Ashley Montagu)

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from article Isotope

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from article Isotope

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from article Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) spacecraft. (Courtesy of NASA/WMAP Science Team)

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from article Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

WMAP sky-scan strategy. (a) Location of the satellite relative to the Earth and Sun (not to scale), and the orientation of the satellite and of the lines of sight to the spots on the sky focused by the primary reflectors, which continually changed…

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from article Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

WMAP full-sky CMB anisotropy map. The microwaves captured in this picture from WMAP are from when the universe was 378,000 years old, over 13 × 109 years ago. It is a “baby picture” of the universe, equivalent to taking a picture of an 80-year-old…

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from article Digenea

Diagrams of various adult types of digenean trematodes. (After R. M. Cable, An Illustrated Laboratory Manual of Parasitology, Burgess, Minneapolis, 1940)

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from article Digenea

Digenean trematode life cycle. (After R. M. Cable, An Illustrated Laboratory Manual of Parasitology, Burgess, Minneapolis, 1940)

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from article Ohmmeter

Electronic digital ohmmeter. (Tinsley)

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from article Ohmmeter

Diagram of ohmmeter, showing operating principles. C1, C2 = current terminals; P1, P2 = potential terminals.

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from article Ohmmeter

Special measuring probes (Kelvin clips), consisting of a set of leads with combined current probes (C1, C2) and potential probes (P1, P2).

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from article Cavity resonator

Closed-end sound pipe resonating (a) at the fundamental frequency f1 (the first harmonic) with wavelength λ1, and (b) at an overtone, f3 ≈ 3f1 (the third harmonic), with wavelength λ3.

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from article Cavity resonator

Wavemeters. (a) Wavemeter consisting of cylindrical cavity with an adjustable end-wall, resonating in the TE011 mode. The free-space wavelength λ0 corresponding to the resonant frequency f0 is given by λ0 = 2L[1 + (2L/1.64a)]− 1 2 . (b) Practical…

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from article Cavity resonator

Determination of the Q of a cavity resonator by (a) measuring the bandwidth and (b) measuring the damping rate of the oscillations.

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from article Lens (optics)

Refraction of light waves demonstrated by the disjointed appearance of a spoon entering a bowl of water, as well as the transposition of background colors due to the bowl's curvature. (Credit: Copyright © McGraw Hill)

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from article Lens (optics)

Illustration of a standard concave lens (left) that acts as a diverging lens and a standard convex lens (right) that acts as a converging lens.

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from article Learning

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from article Learning

Brain activity can be recorded in various ways, from single-cell activity (top tracing) to the familiar electrical patterns ("brain waves") of an electroencephalogram (bottom tracing). (Credit: Based on an original drawing by C. Cotman and J.…

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from article Ctenothrissiformes

A Cretaceous ctenothrissiform fossil, Ctenothrissa sp. (order Ctenothrissiformes), on a limestone matrix found in Lebanon. Size: 90 mm (3.5 in.). (Photo courtesy of The Virtual Fossil Museum)

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from article Dewar flask

Two typical Dewar containers.

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from article Food science

Food scientist examining a tomato. (Credit: Adam Gault/Age Fotostock)

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from article Animal testing

Mice are the most commonly used vertebrate species in animal testing and research. (Credit: Dolores Bonaparte)

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from article Animal testing

The use of animals in biomedical research remains essential, but the handling of these sentient beings must be done humanely to minimize and prevent animal harm. (Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture)

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from article Propagator (field theory)

Feynman diagrams for scattering processes. (a) Electron-proton scattering via photon exchange. (b) Proton-proton scattering via meson exchange.

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from article Conservation of energy

The conservation of energy allows energy to be interconverted among many different forms. In the use of wind power, for example, the kinetic energy of wind (movements of air) can be converted by turbine blades into electrical energy. (Credit: Ron…

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from article Electrical units and standards

Calculable capacitor. (a) Cross section of general cylindrical capacitor with four segments. (b) Cross section of symmetrical capacitor with cylindrical electrodes. (c) Calculable capacitor used in absolute determination of the ohm. (U.S. National…

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from article Electrical units and standards

Moving-coil balance. (a) Schematic diagram. (b) Equipment. (U.K. National Physical Laboratory)

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from article Electrical units and standards

Josephson effect. (a) Josephson junction characteristic. (b) Linear array of more than 2000 Josephson junctions in a folded microwave stripline, giving a total voltage step in the region of 1 volt. (U.S. National Institute of Standards and…

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from article Electrical units and standards

Quantum Hall effect. (a) Geometry of semiconductor. (b) Hall resistance characteristic. i = quantum number.

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from article Acari

Parasitiformes body plan. Lateral view of a predatory adult female Mesostigmata showing major body regions and important structures. Scale bar = 0.1 mm (0.004 in.). (Scanning electron micrograph by D. E. Walter)

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from article Acari

Acariformes body plan. (a) Adult female Oribatida (Sarcoptiformes) in lateral view showing major body regions and important structures. (b) Hexapod larva (Trombidiformes): dorsal view of a chigger, a parasite of vertebrates. (c) Octopod deutonymph…

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from article Triple point

Phase diagram for water, showing gas, liquid, and several solid (ice) phases; triple points at A, B, and C. The pressure scale changes at 101 kilopascals from logarithmic scale at low pressure to linear at high pressure.

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

Ablative indirect drive and ablative direct drive. (a) In laser-illuminated, ablative indirect drive, the ICF target consists of a cylindrical hohlraum (hollow room) in which laser light is injected through the two holes in the end caps and heats…

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

X-ray images with a framing camera (developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) from a directly driven inertial confinement fusion capsule at the University of Rochester's Omega Facility. The camera has 80-ps exposure time and 55-ps time…

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

Deuterium–tritium fuel ion temperature and density at ignition, plotted against normalized radius, for a typical high-gain capsule.

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Its driver is the world's largest laser. The 1.8 MJ of ultraviolet light (351-nm wavelength from frequency-tripled neodymium:glass laser light) is generated with…

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

Progress toward ignition on NIF is illustrated by the plot of no-burn D–T equivalent yield in number of neutrons versus the value of ρr inferred from the energy lost by fusion neutrons during passage out of the compressed fuel. These experiments…

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

View of the combined Z Machine and Z-Beamlet laser facility (lower left) with exploded view of the cross section of the Z Machine (upper left). Both will be used to drive the MagLIF capsule (right) at Sandia National Laboratories. The 10-kJ…

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

Computed capsule gains (energy yield divided by absorbed energy) from 1D simulations of the principal (radial) dynamics for ablative direct drive of a perfect capsule, which is irradiated by either 248-nm laser light or 351-nm laser light with…

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

Electra, an ∼500 J/pulse, electron-beam pumped KrF laser at the Naval Research Laboratory. It has achieved 90,000 shots in a continuous run and 330,000 shots in 8 days at 2.5–5 Hz.

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from article Inertial confinement fusion

Conceptual design of the X-target. (Credit: Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory)

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from article Renner-Teller effect

Bending potential function V for a degenerate electronic state of a linear molecule as a function of displacement r, and for three values (0, 0.5, 1.0) of the Renner parameter ε. In the absence of Renner-Teller splitting (ε = 0) there is a single…

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from article Capacitance

Parallel-plate capacitor P1, P2 with guard ring GG. Spacing between guard ring and plate is exaggerated. (a) Cross section with all parts of capacitor at ground potential. (b) Top view showing plate P1 surrounded by guard ring. (c) Cross section of…

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from article Capacitance

Variable air capacitor.

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from article Capacitance

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from article Capacitance

Wound-roll construction of plastic film and paper capacitors.

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from article Capacitance

Ceramic capacitor constructed in chip form, showing cutaway of finished chip.

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from article Capacitance

Tantalum electrolytic capacitor showing cross section. (General Electric Co.)

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from article Capacitance

Construction and polarity markings of aluminum electrolytic capacitor. (a) Cross section. (b Polarization markings for tabular capacitor with axial leads. (c) Polarization markings for capacitor with radial leads. (After A. Mottershead, Electricity…

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from article Capacitance

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from article Haplosporida

Spore of Urosporidium fuliginosum.

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from article Haplosporida

Stages in the development of Icthyosporidium giganteum.

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from article Urodela

A typical member of the order Urodela: the longtail salamander (Eurycea longicauda). (Credit: Ryan Hagerty/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

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from article Urodela

Southern dwarf siren (Pseudobranchus axanthus), which has undergone limb degeneration and retains only tiny forelimbs. (Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)

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from article Urodela

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from article Urodela

California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense). (Credit: John Cleckler/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

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from article Urodela

The two-toed amphiuma salamander (Amphiuma means). (Credit: Southeast Ecological Center, U.S. Geological Survey)

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from article Urodela

The northern red salamander (Pseudotriton ruber ruber) is a member of the family Plethodontidae. (Credit: Alicia Lafever/U.S. National Park Service)

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from article Curie temperature

Variation of spontaneous magnetization of a ferromagnetic material with temperature.

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from article Curie temperature

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from article Thirst and sodium appetite

Regulation of cellular water. ADH = antidiuretic hormone.

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from article Thirst and sodium appetite

Hypovolemic thirst and sodium appetite are caused by altered sensory information from an underfilled circulation, reinforced by increases in circulating angiotensin II and mineralocorticoids. Angiotensin peptides generated from components of a…

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from article Reactance

Circuit with a resistor and capacitor in parallel.

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from article Chamois

Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). (Photograph courtesy of Brent Huffman/Ultimate Ungulate Images)

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from article Chicxulub impact crater

Bouguer gravity anomaly map over the Chicxulub impact crater. The coastline is designated by a thin white line, cenotes (natural pits) and sinkholes are designated by black dots, and the city of Mérida and the town of Chicxulub Puerto are designated…

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from article Chicxulub impact crater

Seismic line imaging of what lies beneath the seafloor, showing the Chicxulub impact crater. The crater includes many faults that can be grouped into an exterior ring fault, a series of outer ring faults, and a series of inner ring faults. Within…

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from article Open channel

Types of open-channel flow. The inverted triangles denote the free surface of the flow. (a) Unsteady flow. (b) Steady, uniform flow. (c) Steady, gradually varied flow (GVF) and steady, rapidly varied flow (RVF). (After T. W. Sturm, Open Channel…

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from article Amniota

Basic types of vertebrate eggs.

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from article Amniota

Embryo developing in amniote eggs.

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