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from article Chemical process safety
Fatal accident rate expressed as a 5-year moving average for the period 1960–1982 for a very large chemical company.
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from article Oyster mushrooms
(a) King oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii) fruiting from supplemented cottonseed hull substrate. (b) Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting from straw/cottonseed hull substrate contained in plastic bags. (c) Pleurotus cornucopiae fruiting from cottonseed…
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from article Oyster mushrooms
Nutrients in raw oyster mushrooms based on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration reference serving size of 84 g (3 oz) for raw mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms are not a significant source of saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sugars, vitamin A, or…
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from article Electrospun polymer nanofibers
A typical setup for electrospinning. The inset shows the whipping process of a nanofiber during electrospinning, as captured using a high-speed camera. (Adapted from J. Xie et al., Electrospun nanofibers for neural tissue engineering, Nanoscale,…
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from article Electrospun polymer nanofibers
Scanning electron microscopy images showing electrospun nanofibers with different alignments. (a) A nonwoven mat of random nanofibers collected on a piece of aluminum foil. (b) A uniaxially aligned array of nanofibers deposited across a rectangular…
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from article Electrospun polymer nanofibers
Fluorescence micrograph revealing the aligned projection of neurites (green). The neurites can replicate the topography of the underlying nanofibers with a uniaxial alignment.
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from article Electrospun polymer nanofibers
Superimposed fluorescence and scanning electron micrographs showing the migration of cells from the periphery to the center, as guided by a scaffold of radially aligned nanofibers. (Adapted from J. Xie et al., Radially aligned electrospun nanofibers…
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from article Stress and depression
Diagram of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. ACTH, adrenocorticotropin; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone.
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from article Plant pathogen forensics
Some scientific disciplines relevant to plant pathogen forensics.
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from article Plant pathogen forensics
Example of a decision tree for information gathering related to the source of the plant pathogen.
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from article Data-mining and informatics approaches for environmental contaminants
IBM Many Eyes Phrase Net visualization, showing 48 of 1739 terms, of 374 abstracts queried from PubMed with the search query {“data mining”[All Fields] AND “chemical*”[All Fields] AND hasabstract[text]} illustrating the relationship of key concepts…
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from article Data-mining and informatics approaches for environmental contaminants
CHEMGPS-NP representation showing the overlap of chemicals within three publicly available databases and literature PBPK chemical-specific PBPK models through 2010 PBPK model chemicals queried from literature up to 2010 NHANES IV…
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from article Data-mining and informatics approaches for environmental contaminants
Sixteen dose categories (dose cat.) based on a hypothetical binary (fast/slow) stepwise pharmacokinetic scenario considering ADME only along the source-to-outcome continuum. A “low” and “high” concern dose scenario is highlighted within the red box…
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from article DNA barcoding in fungi
The ribosomal cassette of repetitive genes in fungi. The 5.8S gene is flanked by the 18S (small subunit) and 28S (large subunit) genes. The ITS region is indicated by the black bar.
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from article Karrikins
Postfire emergence and reproduction of Anthocercis littorea, the yellow tailflower of Western Australia. In the spring, following a bushfire, the yellow tailflower germinates from seed, grows, and produces new seed that falls to the ground. The…
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from article Karrikins
Structures of karrikins. The upper ring structure is a butenolide, and the lower ring is a pyran. Karrikins are abbreviated as KAR, with KAR1 being the original parent compound, also known as karrikinolide.
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from article Karrikins
Effects of karrikins on seed germination and seedling growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Karrikin stimulates the germination of seeds that have some primary dormancy (top row). Karrikin treatment of seedlings growing in low light results in shorter…
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from article Incorporating exposure science into life-cycle assessment
A variety of approaches are being considered ranging from a qualitative approach to semiquantitative toxicity estimation and prioritization (known as ToxPi) scoring approach (S. Gangwal et al., 2012) to more sophisticated quantitative approaches (R.…
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from article Responses to acute sun exposure in large whales
Sun exposure and whales. (a) Differences in skin color (SC) and time spent at the surface (ST) among blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus, Bm), sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus, Pm), and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus, Bp). (b) Melanocyte…
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from article Responses to acute sun exposure in large whales
Prevalence of gross blisters and microscopic epidermal abnormalities in blue whales (light gray bars), sperm whales (dark gray bars), and fin whales (black bars). Sample sizes are indicated in the figure. Bars: ±SE (standard error).
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from article Marine mycology
Cultivation approach to obtain endophytic fungi from mangrove plants for chemical screening. (J. Kjer, P. Proksch, and R. Ebel, unpublished results)
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from article Marine mycology
Structures of clinically relevant natural products from marine-derived fungi.
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from article Cancer, immunotherapy, and mouse avatars
Tumor tissue is removed from the patient and transplanted into mice. The mouse avatars selected can be immunodeficient, can have no functioning immune system, or can be humanized, in which case they have a functioning human immune system. Once the…
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from article Oxytocin and autism
Oxytocin increases eye contact. (a, b) Gaze time spent on the face under oxytocin and placebo. (c, d) Gaze time spent on different regions of interest under oxytocin and placebo. (Reprinted with permission from E. Andari et al., Promoting social…
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from article Oxytocin and autism
Oxytocin improves social comprehension. (a) Computer ball game showing the amount of reciprocation of each partner toward the participant P (indicated by the tinted arrows). Gray arrows indicate a healthy subject's performance. (b) Number of balls…
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from article Oxytocin and autism
Time course of ball tosses during the computer ball game. Cumulative number of balls sent by participants (vertical axis) after each trial played by the good partner (horizontal axis). (Reprinted with permission from E. Andari et al., Promoting…
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from article Plant phylogenomics
Gene duplications, orthology, and paralogy. The tree on the left shows phylogenetic relationships among three species (A, B, and C) and the timing of a gene duplication in the common ancestor of species B and C. The tree on the right shows the…
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from article Plant phylogenomics
Resolution of phylogenetic relationships among major flowering plant lineages has improved greatly with the analysis of plastid genome sequences. The tree shows our current understanding of relationships among flowering plants (angiosperms) and the…
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from article Plant phylogenomics
Ancient whole genome duplications can result in a large proportion of duplicated gene pairs (paralog pairs) with similar divergence times. Expressed genes can be isolated as transcribed messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), converted to complementary…
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from article Factors related to risk of autism
Rising prevalence rates of autism in the United States (1997–2008). PDD: pervasive developmental disorder. (Left panel: C. A. Boyle et al., Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997–2008, Pediatrics, 127:1034–1042,…
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from article Pulsar navigation
Neutron star with rotation axis and magnetic field. (Copyright © S. I. Sheikl, 2004)
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from article Pulsar navigation
Crab Nebula and pulsar in the x-ray band, imaged by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. (NASA, CXC, SAO)
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from article Pulsar navigation
ARGOS satellite with the USA experiment.
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from article Dietary fructose and the physiology of body weight regulation
Mechanism for regional adipose distribution. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is more sensitive to insulin-induced activation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity than visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In subjects consuming fructose, reduced post-meal…
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from article Rhyniopsida
Rhynia. (a) Reconstruction showing leafless axis, basal rhizome with rhizoids (hairs), and fusiform, terminal sporangia. (b) Photomicrograph of transverse section of petrified stem. (c) Central xylem (vascular) strand. (After J. Walton, An…
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from article Protein degradation
The ubiquitin system and its functions. (A) Proteasomal-dependent degradation. Ubiquitin is activated by the enzyme E1 (1), followed by its transfer to a ubiquitin-carrier protein E2 (2). E2 transfers the activated ubiquitin to the protein substrate…
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from article Epilepsy
Average age-specific incidence of epilepsy. The black line indicates the incidence in men; the green line indicates the incidence in women; and the red line indicates the total (average) incidence. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Epilepsy
A benign frontal lobe tumor (arrow) that presented with intractable epilepsy.
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from article Epilepsy
A brain wave tracing (EEG) shows a seizure developing over the right temporal lobe.
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from article Aircraft collision avoidance system
Surveillance with Mode A/C transponders. (Reprinted with permission of MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA)
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from article Aircraft collision avoidance system
TCAS pilot displays. (a) Traffic advisory (TA) display. (b) Vertical resolution advisory (RA) display. (Reprinted with permission of MIT Lincoln Laboratory)
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from article Pine
Mature sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) in Sequoia National Park, California. (Photo courtesy of the National Park Service)
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from article Pine
Scots (Scotch) pine (Pinus sylvestris). (a) Female (ovulate) cone, unfertilized. (b) Fertilized cones. (c) Advanced stage in cone development. (d) Cone opening to discharge seeds. (e) Seed scale showing two winged seeds.
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from article Hickory
Leaves of pignut hickory (Carya glabra). (Photo by Robert H. Mohlenbrock, USDA–NRCS PLANTS Database)
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from article Skin disorders
Skin layers and associated glands and structures. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Skin disorders
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) on a man's hand as the result of a severe allergic reaction to latex. (Credit: B. W. Folsom/Shutterstock)
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from article Skin disorders
Three types of skin cancer: (left) squamous cell carcinoma derived from epithelial tissue; (middle) basal cell carcinoma derived from epithelial tissue; (right) malignant melanoma derived from melanocytes. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Speech perception
The perception of speech (as well as the production of speech) involves interactive processes occurring in various regions of the brain. Researchers also have noted the important contribution that vision makes to normal speech perception. (Copyright…
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from article Speech perception
An auditory spectrogram of the word "telephone." (a) The vertical striations in the bands represent amplitude modulation at the frequency of the voice pitch. Such striations are absent from the initial noise portion corresponding to the voiceless…
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from article Ovarian disorders
Illustrations displaying a normal ovary (bottom left), a polycystic ovary (bottom right), and the location of the ovaries in relation to the uterus (top). In the polycystic ovary, follicle development is stopped, so there is no ovulation. (Credit:…
