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One characteristic feature of type 1 diabetes is glomerulosclerosis (Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion), which involves the scarring or hardening of the glomeruli (blood vessels) in the kidneys. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Type 1 diabetes

Stages in the development of type 1 diabetes. (Credit: Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet)

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from article Tanaidacea

Leviapseudes bipartitus. [K. Larsen, Deep-Sea Tanaidacea (Peracarida) from the Gulf of Mexico, Brill, Leiden, 2005]

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from article Tanaidacea

Typhlotanais ohtsukae: (top) female; (bottom) male. [K. Larsen and M. Shimomura, Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) from Japan: II. Tanaidomorpha from the East China Sea, the West Pacific Ocean and the Nansei Islands, Zootaxa, 1464:1–43, 2007]

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from article Yeast

Colorized scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast. This single-celled fungus is studied widely as a model organism for eukaryotic cell division. It is a rod-shaped yeast that grows by elongation at its ends, and it…

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from article Yeast

Cell shapes of yeasts are extremely varied: (a) rectangular; (b) pear-shaped; (c) apiculate; (d) ogival; (e) spherical; (f) globose; (g) ellipsoidal (oval); (h) elongate; (i) tetrahedral.

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from article Yeast

Colorized scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of cells of brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This yeast consists of single vegetative cells. Small daughter cells can be seen budding off from the larger cells. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments…

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from article Yeast

Yeast mycelia. (a) A true septate mycelium showing a break to form an arthrospore. (b) A pseudomycelium.

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from article Yeast

Heterothallic (bifactorial) life cycle of a basidiomycetous yeast, Leucosporidium scottii.

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from article Yeast

A fluorescent antibody stain reveals the oval budding yeast cells of Candida albicans. This yeast is the most common human fungal pathogen. (Credit: Maxine Jalbert and Leo Kaufman/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

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from article Cassiduloida

Major features of cassiduloids as shown on a test of Cassidulus caribaearum (a Caribbean species) with spines (upper two figures) and without spines (lower two figures). Top (aboral) views are shown on the left; bottom (oral) views are shown on the…

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from article Rhynchosauria

Skull (dorsal view) of the rhynchosaur Paradapedon.

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from article Foodborne disease

Trichrome-stained photomicrograph of a Giardia lamblia trophozoite (a growing stage in the life cycle of certain protozoan parasites). This microorganism often causes giardiasis (a diarrheal foodborne illness). (Credit: Melanie Moser/Centers for…

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from article Foodborne disease

A cluster of norovirus particles. (Credit: Charles D. Humphrey/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

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from article Foodborne disease

Colored scanning electron micrograph showing Salmonella enterica bacteria (serotype Typhimurium; colorized red) invading an immune cell (colorized yellow). This bacterial species commonly causes food-associated gastroenteritis. (Credit: National…

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from article Foodborne disease

Close-up view of Campylobacter jejuni bacteria. This scanning electron microscope image shows the characteristic spiral (or corkscrew) shape of C. jejuni cells. (Credit: De Wood and Chris Pooley/Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of…

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from article Blattodea

American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). (Credit: Antagain/iStockphoto/Getty Images)

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from article Blattodea

The Madagascar hissing roach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) can compress its body and force air through modified spiracles (breathing pores), producing a loud hissing sound. (Credit: Alamy)

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from article Astrapotheria

Skeleton of Astrapotherium magnum. The genus Astrapotherium is known from the late Oligocene to the late Miocene.

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from article Trans fatty acid

Generalized chemical structure of the double bond in natural and common industrial monounsaturated fatty acids (18:1): configuration of the unsaturation site in monounsaturated fatty acids as found as a cis structure in natural fats/oils or as a…

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from article Lycopsida

Lycopodium clavatum, a representative homosporous lycopsid. (a) Sporophyte showing typical rhizomatous growth and paired cones. (b) Microphyllous leaf. (c) Sporophyll bearing a sporangium on the upper surface. (From K. R. Sporne, The Morphology of…

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from article CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing

Acquisition of immunity in the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Bacterial cells that are not immune to a particular bacteriophage and that survive infection acquire immunity through the function of the cas1 and cas2 genes. Through unknown mechanisms, Cas1 and…

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from article CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing

The function of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacterial immunity. Bacterial cells that are immune to particular bacteriophage species contain protospacer sequences that match or closely match the bacteriophage genome. (1) The bacterial genome contains…

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from article CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing

The function of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in genome engineering. Multiple methods are used to engineer genomes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. One common method is illustrated here. (1) An engineered cas9 gene and an engineered crRNA–tracrRNA fusion…

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from article Marsupialia

Skull and jaws of marsupials. (a) Didelphidae, Didelphis (the carnivorous opossum of North America), Recent, with polyprotodont incisors (I 5/4). (b) Phalangeridae, Trichosurus (the herbivorous opossum of Australia), Recent, with diprotodont…

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from article Marsupialia

Views of the soles of the left hindfoot of marsupials. (a) Didelphidae, Didelphis, representing the five-toed, polydactylous condition. (b) Phalangeridae, Trichosurus, representing the five-toed, syndactylous condition (digits II and III are bound…

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from article Hepatitis

False-color transmission electron microscopy image of the hepatitis A virus (HAV). (Credit: BSIP/Getty Images)

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from article Hepatitis

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from article Hepatitis

Inflammation in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. When the body is engaged in fighting chronic inflammation of the liver's portal tract (center of the photomicrograph), lymphocytes (white blood cells) are present. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill…

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from article Pholidota

Pangolin (genus Manis, order Pholidota). (Photo courtesy of the Wildlife Alliance)

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from article Yersinia

Scanning electron micrograph (color-enhanced) of Yersinia pestis bacteria (yellow) on the proventricular spines of a Xenopsylla cheopis flea (purple). (Photo courtesy of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD)

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from article Taste

Taste buds in a circumvallate papilla in a mouse tongue with taste cells visualized in color by cell-type-specific fluorescent antibodies. (Credit: Aki Taruno/Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania)

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from article Taste

Illustration of the internal structures of a taste bud, which is composed of basal stem cells and three types of taste cells (dark, light, and intermediate). Taste cells extend from the base of the taste bud to the taste pore, where microvilli…

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from article Taste

Lemons and lemonade taste sour because they are very acidic and have a high concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions. (Credit: Mad Circles/Getty Images)

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from article Taste

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from article Salmon

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). (Photo courtesy of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

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from article Hexactinellida

The dried siliceous skeleton of a glass sponge, Euplectella. (Credit: Randolph Femmer/United States Geological Survey)

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from article Hexactinellida

The class Hexactinellida includes living and fossil forms. Living hexactinellids: (a) Hyalonema (Cyliconema) thomsoni (order Amphidiscosida) and (b) Regadrella phoenix (order Lyssacinosida). Fossil hexactinellid: (c) Hydnoceras tuberosum (order…

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from article Hexactinellida

A fossil hexactinellid sponge, Hydnoceras bathense (order Reticulosa). (Credit: James St. John)

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from article Lagomorpha

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from article Disease

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from article Environmental toxicology

June 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Containment and controlled burn. (Credit: U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Justin Stumberg)

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from article Hypothermia

Body heat lost with exposure to 0°C air and 10°C water. °C = (°F − 32)1.8.

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from article Oncolytic virotherapy

One notable experimental oncolytic virotherapy technique involves the use of a modified poliovirus (PVS-RIPO) to combat glioblastoma (a type of brain cancer). The illustration shows a hypothetical model of how PVS-RIPO destroys brain tumors.

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from article Gadiformes

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from article Anostraca

Branchinecta paludosa, male, small specimen, lateral aspect.

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from article Bone disorders

A colored x-ray of the hand of a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis in all of the fingers. (Credit: Science Photo Library/Alamy Stock Photo)

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from article Bone disorders

A colored X-ray of a linear displacement fracture of an ulna (forearm bone) of a man. (Credit: Puwadol Jaturawutthichai/Shutterstock)

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from article Bone disorders

Comparison of a healthy normal bone (left) and a bone with osteoporosis (right). Osteoporosis leads to a decrease in bone mass and density, causing bones to become weak and brittle. (Credit: Stocktrek Images/Alamy Stock Photo)

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from article Salmon farming

Adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). (Credit: William Hartley/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

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