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Biography
Anastasi, Anne (1908–2001)
Article
Anesthesia
Loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness. Anesthesia is used to prevent pain during surgery and other medical procedures. There are several ways of producing anesthesia, with the choice dependent on the type of surgery and the medical…
Biography
Angell, James (Rowland) (1869–1949)
Biography
Anokhin, Piotre Kuzmich (1897–1974)
Biography
Apgar, Virginia (1909–1974)
Article
Aphasia
A disorder of language acquired as a result of brain disease. Aphasia is impairment in the use of spoken or written language caused by brain disorders (see illustration) that cannot be explained by paralysis or incoordination of the articulatory…
Article
Apraxia
An impairment in the performance of voluntary actions despite intact motor power and coordination, sensation and perception, and comprehension. Apraxia is a neurological condition in which there is difficulty with skilled tasks or learned movements…
Biography
Argyris, Chris(topher) (1923–2013)
Article
Assisted reproductive technology
Any treatment or procedure that includes the in-vitro handling of oocytes (immature ova or egg cells) and sperm or embryos for the purpose of establishing a pregnancy. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is undertaken as a treatment of…