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from article Citric acid
2D and 3D structures for citric acid. Black = carbon. Red = oxygen. White = hydrogen.
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from article Periodic table
Periodic table of the elements.
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from article Cotton effect
Behavior of the ORD and CD curves in the vicinity of an absorption band at wavelength λ0 (idealized). (a) Positive Cotton effect. (b) Negative Cotton effect.
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from article Cotton effect
Curves used to determine relative rotatory intensities. (a) Partial ORD curve. (b) Partial CD curve.
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from article Cotton effect
Structural formula of (+)-trans-9-methyl-1,4,9,10- tetrahydronaphthalene.
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from article Cotton effect
Schematic representation of the twisted diene chromophore showing the two possible handednesses; the numbering is as indicated in Fig. 3 (a) Right-handed. (b) Left-handed.
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from article Electrochemistry
Electrolysis of aqueous potassium bromide. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education/Stephen Frisch)
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from article Osmium
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from article Osmium
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from article Luminescence analysis
Typical photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra for molecules in solution.
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from article Luminescence analysis
Components of instrumentation for luminescence measurements.
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from article Psychosis
A colorized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of a human brain. Psychosis is a defective mental state in which there is a critical derangement of the mind (brain) involving abnormal contact with reality. (Credit: Govind Bhagavatheeshwaran and…
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from article Camphor
Camphor tree. (Credit: Gyro Photography/amanaimagesRF/Getty Images)
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from article Copper
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from article Copper
Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), a copper-iron sulfide mineral, is an important copper-containing ore. (Credit: Linnas/Getty Images)
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from article Copper
Electrical wiring cable. (Credit: Shutterstock/Sydeen)
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from article Fullerene
Buckyball structure.
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from article Fullerene
Some of the more stable members of the fullerene family. (a) C28. (b) C32. (c) C50. (d) C60. (e) C70.
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from article Fullerene
Comparison of the structure of fullerene-60 with that of two giant fullerenes. (a) C60. (b) C240. (c) C540.
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from article Fullerene
Structure of the molecule C60Br6.
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from article Fullerene
A section of a carbon nanotube showing the concentric graphene tubes composing it.
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from article Drug delivery systems
A transdermal nicotine patch is a noninvasive method of controlled drug delivery. (Copyright © Plush Studios/Bill Reitzel/Blend Images)
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from article Drug delivery systems
Three levels of polymer drug delivery. (a) A polymer is used as carrier of drugs. (b) The drugs are connected to the polymer via cleavable peptide linkers. (c) A homing device is added to target specific tissue types. (Credit: Jan van Hest;…
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from article Half-life
The decay chain of uranium, which has a half-life of approximately 4.5 billion years and is the most common uranium isotope in nature. The alpha symbol (α) indicates alpha decay, while the beta symbol (β) indicates beta decay. Alpha decay emits an…
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from article Narcotic
Heroin is an extremely addictive narcotic. (Credit: FotoMaximum/Getty Images)
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from article Narcotic
Chemical structure of a morphine alkaloid. Two important natural alkaloids are morphine and codeine. Heroin is synthesized from morphine by acetylation.
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from article Catalytic antibody
Schematic structure of an antibody molecule. The protein consists of two heavy chains and two light chains.
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from article Catalytic antibody
Early highlights of the first antibody-catalyzed reaction of ester hydrolysis. Stable tetrahedral phosphonate was used as the transition-state analog.
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from article Catalytic antibody
Mechanism of trapping the essential ε-amino group of a lysine residue in the antibody's binding pocket by using the 1,3-diketone hapten.
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from article Catalytic antibody
Prodrug activation via a tandem retro-aldol-retro-Michael reaction. X stands for heteroatoms N, O, or S (nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur).
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from article Catalytic antibody
Generation of bispecific antibody originating from a catalytic antibody and a targeting antibody.
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from article Catalytic antibody
Chemotherapy targeted specifically to a tumor cell. The prodrug is prodoxorubicin, which is transformed to the active drug doxorubicin by the catalytic arm of the bifunctional antibody. The other arm binds to an antigen on a tumor cell.
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from article Frequency counter
Block diagram of a reciprocal frequency counter.
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from article Blowpipe
Glassblower blowing into a blowpipe to shape molten glass. (Credit: Hero Images/Getty Images)
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from article Tin
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from article Tin
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from article Isoelectric point
Titration of alanine with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), showing the course of pH with added fractional equivalents. The four arrows show, from left to right, the pKa [½ cations: NH3+(CH3)COOH, and ½ zwitterions: NH3+(CH3)CHCOO−], the pl (all…
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from article Isoelectric point
Course of the charges carried by lysine (pKa = 2.18) molecules in dilute aqueous solution with pH during a titration with alkali. Shown are the net charge, going from +2 at low pH to +1 between pH 4.5 and 6.5, the isoelectric point at pH 9.74, the…
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from article Iridium
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from article Human-factors engineering
Human-factors engineers design modern computer equipment, including ergonomic keyboards and mouse devices, to accommodate the varied physical contours and dimensions of the human hand. (Credit: JG Photography/Alamy)
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from article Human-factors engineering
Human-factors engineering addresses problems related to the design of seats, workplaces, and consoles in terms of a user's physical size, comfort, strength, and visibility. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Human-factors engineering
Cognitive engineering and the development of new technology applications.
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from article Branched polymer
Examples of branched polymers. (a) Branched polymer (if arms are of composition similar to backbone) or graft polymer (if compositions are different). (b) Star polymer. (c) Comb polymer. (d) Dendritic polymer.
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from article Branched polymer
Reaction for preparation of a star polymer with styrene-butadiene block copolymer arms.
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from article Branched polymer
Steps in the synthesis of a starburst polymer. s = surface. o = interior. fr = reactive group. fp = protected group.
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from article Heterocyclic polymer
Structural units in linear polymers. (a) Simple linear polymer. (b) Stepladder polymer. (c) Ladder polymer.
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from article Heterocyclic polymer
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from article Intermolecular forces
Schematic diagram of intermolecular interaction. (a) There is negligible interaction between atoms that are 1 nm apart. (b) For atoms separated by about 0.8 nm or less, attractive dispersion forces result from correlated fluctuations of the electron…
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from article Masking of sound
Three psychophysical tuning curves, showing the tonal masking effects for tonal signals of 300, 1000, or 3000 Hz. (After F. L. Wightman et al. Factors influencing frequency selectivity in normal and hearing-impaired listeners, in E. F. Evans and J.…
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from article Masking of sound
Width of the critical band in hertz as a function of signal frequency.
