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from article Cognitive-behavioral therapy

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Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a modern-day approach to psychotherapy, focusing on understanding the relationship among feelings (emotions), thoughts, and behaviors that occur daily.

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from article Cognitive-behavioral therapy

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A CBT therapist can help a patient to (1) identify critical behaviors, thoughts, and emotions; (2) practice effective strategies to address symptoms; and (3) work toward stated goals and behavior change, eventually to decrease and manage symptoms of…

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from article Information processing (psychology)

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The four major lobes of the cerebral cortex, that is, the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, are responsible for different aspects of information processing. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Information processing (psychology)

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Horizontal associative memory with a serious associative interference problem (who plays tennis—John, Peter, or both?) and no encoding of where each proposition begins and ends. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Information processing (psychology)

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Vertical associative memory where concepts are grouped into phrases and propositions by associating each concept to a higher-order node that represents the entire group. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Learning

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Lateral view of the human brain, including the primary areas of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Learning

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Brain activity can be recorded in various ways, from single-cell activity (top tracing) to the familiar electrical patterns ("brain waves") of an electroencephalogram (bottom tracing). (Credit: Based on an original drawing by C. Cotman and J.…

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from article Taste

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Taste buds in a circumvallate papilla in a mouse tongue with taste cells visualized in color by cell-type-specific fluorescent antibodies. (Credit: Aki Taruno/Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania)

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from article Taste

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Illustration of the internal structures of a taste bud, which is composed of basal stem cells and three types of taste cells (dark, light, and intermediate). Taste cells extend from the base of the taste bud to the taste pore, where microvilli…

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from article Taste

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Lemons and lemonade taste sour because they are very acidic and have a high concentration of hydrogen (H+) ions. (Credit: Mad Circles/Getty Images)

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from article Taste

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Taste quality changes when spatial arrangements within a molecule are altered. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Stress (psychology)

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Dimensions of stressful experiences. (Image courtesy of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health)

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from article Stress (psychology)

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Diagram of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The thicker arrow indicates that the feedback of glucocorticoids on ACTH is most potent. Abbreviations: ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone.

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from article Human-factors engineering

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Human-factors engineers design modern computer equipment, including ergonomic keyboards and mouse devices, to accommodate the varied physical contours and dimensions of the human hand. (Credit: JG Photography/Alamy)

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from article Human-factors engineering

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Human-factors engineering addresses problems related to the design of seats, workplaces, and consoles in terms of a user's physical size, comfort, strength, and visibility. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)

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from article Thirst and sodium appetite

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Hypovolemic thirst and sodium appetite are caused by altered sensory information from an underfilled circulation, reinforced by increases in circulating angiotensin II and mineralocorticoids. Angiotensin peptides generated from components of a…

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from article Speech

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Human head and thorax. (Courtesy of G. E. Peterson)

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from article Speech

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Action of the glottis during speech. (a) Six successive positions of the vocal folds in one vibration cycle at 120 Hz. (b) Relation between pitch and vocal fold tension. (Courtesy of D. W. Farnsworth)

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from article Speech

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Sound spectrograms of the utterance “speech production.” (a) Energy patterns: A, pulse; B, periodic; C, aperiodic; and D, silence. (b) The dotted lines represent the pitch pattern of the utterance.

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from article Speech

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Computer-generated three-dimensional spectral display of the spoken syllable “yah.”

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from article Speech

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Speech flakes of vowels in the words (a) “far,” (b) “food,” and (c) “fee.” (Courtesy of Charles Wooters)

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from article Speech

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Regions of the brain involved in speech. (a) Left hemisphere, usually more involved in speech functions than the right hemisphere. (b) A model for the neural processes involved in speaking a heard word. Arrows indicate the path of the relayed signal…

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from article Mental disorders

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X-ray of a human brain (side view) against a black background. The image is transparent and detailed with soft blue swaps. (Credit: Brainmaster/Getty Images)

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