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from article Lie detector

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A lie detector test or polygraph measures and records several physiological indices (for example, blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity) while a person is asked and answers a series of questions. The belief underpinning the use…

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from article Anorexia nervosa

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Anorexia nervosa is a serious disorder and can have severe health consequences that go far beyond simple weight loss. (Credit: Office on Women's Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)

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from article Anorexia nervosa

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Incidence (%) of eating disorders among teenagers (13 to 18 years old) in the United States. Three types of eating disorders are included in the data: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. Note that female teens are much more…

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from article Speech perception

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The perception of speech (as well as the production of speech) involves interactive processes occurring in various regions of the brain. Researchers also have noted the important contribution that vision makes to normal speech perception. (Copyright…

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from article Speech perception

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An auditory spectrogram of the word "telephone." (a) The vertical striations in the bands represent amplitude modulation at the frequency of the voice pitch. Such striations are absent from the initial noise portion corresponding to the voiceless…

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from article Sleep-dependent memory processing

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The sleep cycle, memory systems, and memory stages. (a) The human sleep cycle. Across the night, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep cycle every 90 minutes in an ultradian manner (that is, occurring in cycles that are repeated…

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from article Sleep-dependent memory processing

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Sleep-dependent motor skill learning. (a) Wake first. After morning training (10 a.m., clear bar), subjects showed no significant change in performance when tested after 12 hours of wake time (10 p.m., clear bar). However, when tested again…

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from article Sleep-dependent memory processing

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Sleep-dependent integration of human relational memory. (a) Delayed inference (associative) memory performance (% correct) in a relational memory task following different offline delays. Immediate testing after just a 20-min offline delay…

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from article Territoriality

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The tiger (Panthera tigris) is highly territorial in its behavior. (Credit: Safique Hazarika Photography/Getty Images)

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from article Hunger

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Principles of appetite regulation by gut–brain peptides. Tissues and organs, including the pancreas, stomach, small intestine, adipose tissue, and large intestine, are sources of peptides that stimulate or inhibit appetite-regulating neurons in the…

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from article Behavioral psychophysics

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Diagram of the apparatus for measuring the pigeon's absolute visual threshold. (After D S. Blough, A method for obtaining psychophysical thresholds from the pigeon, J. Exp. Anal. Behav., 1:31–43, 1958)

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from article Reproductive behavior

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The mating of dragonflies encompasses a number of reproductive behaviors. Typically, the male is in front and the female is behind. If the female is willing to mate, she bends her abdomen forward to collect sperm from the male's accessory genitalia,…

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Sage-grouse lek. Males stake out and defend territories on a traditional breeding ground. Females breed with males in selected territories. (Credit: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Two bull northern elephant seals fighting for dominance on the beach. (Credit: eoind/Getty Images)

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Natterjack toad giving a mating call with its vocal sac expanded. (Credit: Bobby Bok)

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Mating behavior of sticklebacks: (a) zigzag dance of a male, which leads a female to the nest; (b) the male stimulates the female in the nest to lay eggs; (c) schematic portrayal of the events in a courtship sequence. (Credit: Based on original…

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from article Reproductive behavior

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Lordosis in a female rodent. When mounted, the females of many mammalian species adopt the lordotic posture, rendering copulation possible. Note the concave arching of the spine. (Credit: Based on an original drawing by L. C. Drickamer and S. H.…

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from article Reproductive behavior

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A black-browed albatross feeding a chick. This is one example in which parental care may be extensive and prolonged. (Credit: Vetta/Getty Images)

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from article Linguistics

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Cortical areas of the brain that are specialized for language. Broca's area and Wernicke's area are involved in language and speech. Arrows indicate the Wernicke-Geschwind model for speech production. Information about spoken or written words is…

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from article Problem solving (psychology)

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Composite view of a colorized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of a human brain blended with a cross-section illustration of a human head. Cognitive psychology attempts to understand the integral mental processes of the human brain involved in…

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from article Problem solving (psychology)

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The game of chess involves many aspects of problem solving. In chess playing, a solution consists of an attempt to convert an initial state of a task (for example, a chessboard before the first move is made) into a final or goal state (checkmate)…

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from article Maternal behavior

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In this display of maternal behavior, a mother robin pauses while feeding her three chicks. (Credit: Paul Mozell/Alamy Images)

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from article Maternal behavior

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The mother cow is responsible for providing milk for the young calf. (Credit: Anjo Kan/Shutterstock)

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from article Hallucination

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Brain regions that may be involved in hallucinations. The thalamus, another important brain structure, is not depicted here as it is buried deep inside the brain. (Copyright © American Psychological Association; reproduced with permission from A.…

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from article Alcoholism

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Deaths as a result of alcohol poisoning: (left) alcohol poisoning deaths are most common among middle-aged adults; (right) men are approximately three times more likely to die from alcohol poisoning compared to women. (Credit: National Vital…

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