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from article Tangent
Line L tangent to curve C at P.
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from article Intermolecular forces
Schematic diagram of intermolecular interaction. (a) There is negligible interaction between atoms that are 1 nm apart. (b) For atoms separated by about 0.8 nm or less, attractive dispersion forces result from correlated fluctuations of the electron…
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from article Negative refraction
Refraction: Diagrams of (a) positive refraction and (b) negative refraction; and calculated images of a metal rod (c) in a glass filled with regular water (n = 1.3), and (d) in a glass filled with “ negative-index water ” (n = −1.3). In parts a and…
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from article Negative refraction
Schematics of (a) superlens, (b) hyperlens, and (c) imaging system using a hyperlens. In parts a and b, solid lines correspond to the propagating field components, broken lines correspond to the evanescent field components.
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from article Negative refraction
Cloaking. (a) The transformation of a cylindrical region r < b into a concentric cylindrical shell a < r < b and an enlarged section of a nonmagnetic optical cloak built with metal wires embedded in a dielectric host. (b) Numerical simulations of an…
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from article Masking of sound
Three psychophysical tuning curves, showing the tonal masking effects for tonal signals of 300, 1000, or 3000 Hz. (After F. L. Wightman et al. Factors influencing frequency selectivity in normal and hearing-impaired listeners, in E. F. Evans and J.…
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from article Masking of sound
Width of the critical band in hertz as a function of signal frequency.
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from article Masking of sound
Relative amount of masking obtained in forward, simultaneous, and backward masking. (After W. A. Yost, Fundamentals of Hearing: An Introduction, 4th ed., Academic Press, New York, 2000)
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from article Masking of sound
Masking of a 1000-Hz pure-tone signal in forward masking when the masker is a two-tone complex consisting of a 1000-Hz masker and a second tone. (a) Threshold of signal for the two-tone masker relative to that obtained when only the 1000-Hz tone…
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from article Sound absorption
Absorption of sound in air at 20°C (68°F) and various values of relative humidity. (From L. E. Kinsler et al., Fundamentals of Acoustics, 3d ed., Wiley, 1982; used by permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
