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from article Sonobuoy
Launch of a sonobuoy from an antisubmarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. (a) In flight. (b) Buoy strikes the water in a nearly vertical attitude. (c) Antenna and hydrophone are positioned automatically.
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from article Goat production
Domesticated goats (Capra hircus) raised for meat goat production. (Photo by Susan Boyer, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)
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from article Goat production
Close-up view of a Saanen goat. (Photo by Milan Kořínek)
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from article Goat production
Mechanical (automatic) milking of a purebred Nigerian Dwarf dairy goat on an elevated stand. (Photo courtesy of Lesa Wilke, Bramblestone Farm, Ohio; www.bramblestonefarm.com)
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from article Blowpipe
Glassblower blowing into a blowpipe to shape molten glass. (Credit: Hero Images/Getty Images)
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from article Tin
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from article Tin
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from article Isoelectric point
Titration of alanine with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), showing the course of pH with added fractional equivalents. The four arrows show, from left to right, the pKa [½ cations: NH3+(CH3)COOH, and ½ zwitterions: NH3+(CH3)CHCOO−], the pl (all…
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from article Isoelectric point
Course of the charges carried by lysine (pKa = 2.18) molecules in dilute aqueous solution with pH during a titration with alkali. Shown are the net charge, going from +2 at low pH to +1 between pH 4.5 and 6.5, the isoelectric point at pH 9.74, the…
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from article Fungi
Porcini mushrooms (Boletus edulis) are members of the Basidiomycota division of Fungi. (Credit: Digoarpi/Shutterstock)
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from article Fungi
Spore types (upper illustrations) and structures of parent mycelia (lower illustrations) in fungi.
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from article Fungi
Sporangia of saprophytic Rhizopus. (Credit: Richard Gross; copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Fungi
Sexual mechanisms in fungi: (a) gametic copulation; (b) gametangial copulation; (c) gamete-gametangial copulation; and (d) somatic copulation.
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from article Fungi
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of brewer's yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This fungus consists of single vegetative cells, and small daughter cells can be seen budding off from the larger cells. Brewer's yeast is used in the…
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from article Apple
Empire apple (Malus pumila). (Credit: Peggy Greb/Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture)
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from article Apple
Apple trees in an orchard in late autumn. (Credit: Sandrine Bouvier/Alamy)
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from article Pericycle
Pericycles. (a) Part of transection of root Actaea alba, including xylem and phloem. Pericycle thin-walled and one cell in radial dimension. (b) Part of transection of root of Smilax herbacea, including phloem. Pericycle thick-walled and four or…
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from article Pericycle
Transection of central part of sugarbeet. (After K. Esau, Hilgardia, 9(8), 1935)
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from article Wood anatomy
Annual tree rings are distinct features of wood anatomy. The combined concentric bands of light and dark areas can help investigators to determine the age of a tree. (Credit: DrimaFilm/Shutterstock)
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from article Wood anatomy
Light micrograph of a section through the stem of a lime tree (genus Tilia). The pith is at the center and is surrounded by a layer of wood (xylem). A thin cambium separates this from the phloem. An outer layer of collenchyma is enclosed by the…
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from article Wood anatomy
Structure of a typical hardwood. (Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture)
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from article Wood anatomy
Structure of a typical softwood. (Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture)
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from article Iridium
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from article Arales
Anthurium andraeanum (flamingo lily). (Photo courtesy of Forest and Kim Starr)
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from article Potato
Potato (Solanum tuberosum), also known as the Irish potato. (Credit: Peggy Greb/Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)
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from article Potato
Diagram of a potato plant. (Credit: Potato Association of America)
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from article Potato
Potato tubers infected by late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans). (Credit: G. D. Franc)
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from article Persian melon
Persian melon (Cucumis melo). (Photo by Mehrdad Aref-Adib)
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from article Absorption
Incident sunlight is absorbed, reflected, and scattered by tree leaves. (Credit: Shutterstock / photolinc)
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from article Bioorganic chemistry
Vancomycin and an analog that is active against vancomycin-resistant bacteria.
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from article Bioorganic chemistry
Foldamers that mimic proteins.
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from article Bioorganic chemistry
The rate of this intramolecular lactonization, relative to that of intermolecular esterification, mimics the rate increase caused by an enzyme's binding and orienting substrates for a bimolecular reaction.
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from article Bioorganic chemistry
Intramolecular models of enzymatic general acid and general base catalysis. (a) Intramolecular general acid catalysis causes this acetal to hydrolyze at pH 7 more than 107 times faster than the corresponding acetal without the carboxylic acid group.…
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from article Bioorganic chemistry
An antibody raised against the phosphonate analog of a tetrahedral intermediate catalyzes the hydrolysis of cocaine to ecgonine methyl ester.
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from article Bioorganic chemistry
A functionalized cyclodextrin mimics the enzyme RNase by catalyzing the regioselective hydrolysis of a model phosphodiester.
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from article Bioorganic chemistry
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions that have been commercialized as industrial processes.
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from article Bioorganic chemistry
Mechanism of DNA scission by calicheamicin. Reductive or nucleophilic cleavage of the trisulfide triggers conjugate (Michael) addition to the enone, rehybridization of the bridgehead carbon, and Bergman cyclization of the enediyne, generating a…
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from article Polypodiales
Licorice fern (Polypodium glycyrrhiza), a member of the order Polypodiales, in Olympic National Forest, Washington. (Photo courtesy of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service)
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from article Polypodiales
Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides). (Photo by James H. Miller, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service)
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from article Polypodiales
The sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis), a representative of the Polypodiales. (After W. W. Robbins, T. E. Weier, and C. R. Stocking, Botany: An Introduction to Plant Science, 3d ed., Wiley, New York, 1964)
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from article Polypodiales
Types of steles in the Polypodiales: (a) Protostele. (b) Amphiphloic siphonostele. (c) Ectophloic siphonostele. (d) Dictyostele with central pith surrounded by xylem and phloem in the form of discrete vascular bundles; bands of parenchyma cells…
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from article Polypodiales
Life history of a fern: (1) the fern plant, or sporophyte, bearing sori, or clusters of sporangia, on its leaves; (2) a sporangium; (3) a tetrad of young spores; (4) the four mature spores that have come from the tetrad shown in part 3; (5) a spore…
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from article Polypodiales
Diagram of section through a fern leaf, showing details of a sorus. (After W. W. Robbins, T. E. Weier, and C. R. Stocking, Botany: An Introduction to Plant Science, 3d ed., Wiley, New York, 1964)
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from article Polypodiales
Eastern marsh fern (Thelypteris palustris): sori on the pinnules of a fertile frond. (Photo by Rob Routledge, Sault College, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada)
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from article Polypodiales
Diagram of a fern prothallium. (After W. W. Robbins, T. E. Weier, and C. R. Stocking, Botany: An Introduction to Plant Science, 3d ed., Wiley, New York, 1964)
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from article Yeast
Colorized scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast. This single-celled fungus is studied widely as a model organism for eukaryotic cell division. It is a rod-shaped yeast that grows by elongation at its ends, and it…
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from article Yeast
Cell shapes of yeasts are extremely varied: (a) rectangular; (b) pear-shaped; (c) apiculate; (d) ogival; (e) spherical; (f) globose; (g) ellipsoidal (oval); (h) elongate; (i) tetrahedral. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Yeast
Colorized scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of cells of brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This yeast consists of single vegetative cells. Small daughter cells can be seen budding off from the larger cells. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments…
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from article Yeast
Yeast mycelia: (a) a true septate mycelium showing a break to form an arthrospore; (b) a pseudomycelium. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Yeast
Heterothallic (bifactorial) life cycle of a basidiomycetous yeast, Leucosporidium scottii. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Yeast
A fluorescent antibody stain reveals the oval budding yeast cells of Candida albicans. This yeast is the most common human fungal pathogen. (Credit: Maxine Jalbert and Leo Kaufman/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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from article Flax
Flax plants (Linum usitatissimum) in bloom. (Photo by Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University)
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from article Flax
Flaxseeds. (Photo by Jose Hernandez, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database)
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from article Flax
Yellow wilted leaves of flax plants infected by Fusarium oxysporum. (Photo by J. A. Hoes, Oilseed Diseases Image Collection, Western Committee on Plant Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada)
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from article Flax
Blighted and moldy flaxseeds. (Photo by J. A. Hoes, Oilseed Diseases Image Collection, Western Committee on Plant Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada)
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from article Peppermint
Peppermint (Mentha piperita). (Credit: Michael Thompson/Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)
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from article Liquid chromatography
Chromatogram showing the separation of various ethoxylates (nonionic surfactants) from an environmental water sample by liquid chromatography. EO = ethoxylate. Cx = alkyl. OP = octylphenol. NP = nonylphenol. (Credit: U.S. EPA)
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from article Citron
Citron (Citrus medica), including cross sections of the fruit. (Photo courtesy of California Citrus Clonal Protection Program)
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from article Cabbage
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). (Joseph Harris Co., Inc., Rochester, New York)
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from article Gelatin
Gelatin capsules. (Copyright © Digital Vision/SuperStock)
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from article Gelatin
Gelatin fruit dessert. (Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
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from article Astrapotheria
Skeleton of Astrapotherium magnum. The genus Astrapotherium is known from the late Oligocene to the late Miocene.
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from article Lycopsida
Lycopodium clavatum, a representative homosporous lycopsid. (a) Sporophyte showing typical rhizomatous growth and paired cones. (b) Microphyllous leaf. (c) Sporophyll bearing a sporangium on the upper surface. (From K. R. Sporne, The Morphology of…
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from article Solid-state battery
A researcher holds a sample of a prototype structure for a solid-state battery intended for use on small satellites. (Credit: NASA/Dimitri Gerondidakis)
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from article Solid-state battery
Schematic illustration of an intercalation cathode reaction.
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from article Solid-state battery
Schematic diagram of solid-state battery.
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from article Marsupialia
Skull and jaws of marsupials. (a) Didelphidae, Didelphis (the carnivorous opossum of North America), Recent, with polyprotodont incisors (I 5/4). (b) Phalangeridae, Trichosurus (the herbivorous opossum of Australia), Recent, with diprotodont…
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from article Marsupialia
Views of the soles of the left hindfoot of marsupials. (a) Didelphidae, Didelphis, representing the five-toed, polydactylous condition. (b) Phalangeridae, Trichosurus, representing the five-toed, syndactylous condition (digits II and III are bound…
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from article Acid and base
Ball-and-stick model of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). H = white. P = orange. O = red.
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from article Acid and base
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from article Pholidota
Pangolin (genus Manis, order Pholidota). (Credit: Wildlife Alliance)
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from article Decomposition potential
Determination of decomposition potential.
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from article Vanadium
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from article Germanium
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from article Hexactinellida
The dried siliceous skeleton of a glass sponge, Euplectella. (Credit: Randolph Femmer/United States Geological Survey)
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from article Hexactinellida
The class Hexactinellida includes living and fossil forms. Living hexactinellids: (a) Hyalonema (Cyliconema) thomsoni (order Amphidiscosida) and (b) Regadrella phoenix (order Lyssacinosida). Fossil hexactinellid: (c) Hydnoceras tuberosum (order…
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from article Hexactinellida
A fossil hexactinellid sponge, Hydnoceras bathense (order Reticulosa). (Credit: James St. John)
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from article Lagomorpha
Pika (Ochotona princeps). (Copyright © California Academy of Sciences)
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from article Lespedeza
Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). (Photo by Chuck Bargeron, University of Georgia; Bugwood.org)
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from article Ice point
Arrangement for determining triple point.
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from article Ethylene
Structure of ethylene. (Black = carbon. White = hydrogen)
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from article Papaverales
Close-up view of an ornamental poppy flower (Papaver orientale; Oriental poppy) belonging to the family Papaveraceae in the order Papaverales. (Photo by Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University)
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from article Plant evolution
Evolutionary history of plants, including some of their most significant evolutionary innovations over the course of geologic time. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Plant evolution
Horsetails (genus Equisetum) are primitive vascular plants. Often referred to as living fossils, horsetails typically grow in wet areas, with whorls of needlelike branches radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem. (Credit: Richard…
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from article Plant evolution
Two ancient tree leaf fossils embedded in stone. (Credit: Wong Hock Weng/123RF)
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from article Plant growth
Illustrative representation of a plant, showing the key external anatomical structures involved with plant growth. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Plant growth
Light micrograph of a plant root tip (meristem) showing the growth of new cells. (Credit: Zoonar GmbH/Alamy Stock Photo)
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from article Plant growth
Graphs showing sigmoid growth curves. (a) Growth in height (cm) of a sunflower stem. (b) Growth of an entire corn plant as measured by an increase in dry weight (grams). (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Plant growth
Schematic drawing of a plant showing the regions of cell division and cell elongation. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Plant growth
Schematic drawing of a plant with the interrelationships of some factors involved in growth and development. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Plant growth
The apex of a tomato plant showing the localization of PIN proteins as detected by fluorescence microscopy (arrows). Via the presence of the PIN proteins, auxin accumulates at the locations where leaf branching is occurring or about to occur in the…
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from article Plant growth
The regulation of flower initiation by photoperiod in the long-day plant, Arabidopsis. Under long days, CO (Constans) protein formation in the leaves induces the biosynthesis of FT (Flowering locus T) protein, which constitutes the floral signal,…
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from article Multicomponent reactions
Multistep syntheses. (a) “Classical” versus (b) “one-pot”.
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from article Multicomponent reactions
Three-component Strecker α-amino nitrile synthesis and its use in α-amino acid synthesis.
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from article Multicomponent reactions
Pseudo-four-component Hantzsch synthesis of dihydropyridines and nifedipine.
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from article Multicomponent reactions
Four-component Ugi synthesis of α-amino acyl amides.
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from article Multicomponent reactions
Classification of multicomponent reactions.
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from article Multicomponent reactions
Subclassification of organic reactivity into polar and nonpolar reactivity.
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from article Multicomponent reactions
Pd-catalyzed domino four-component synthesis of pyrroles.
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from article Multicomponent reactions
Consecutive Pd-Cu-catalysis-initiated four-component synthesis of tetrahydro-β-carbolines.
