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from article Octopoda
An octopod swimming in the ocean. (Credit: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
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from article Octopoda
Hapalochlaena maculosa, the Southern or lesser blue-ringed octopus, has vivid, small blue rings on its body and arms, highlighted with black outlines. Location: Mrs. Watson's Bay, Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. (Credit: Clyde F. E.…
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from article Octopoda
Hapalochlaena fasciata, the blue-lined octopus, has vivid blue lines on its body and rings on its arms, highlighted with black outlines. Location: Long Reef, New South Wales, Australia. (Credit: Clyde F. E. Roper)
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from article Octopoda
Lateral view of a female Argonauta (family Argonautidae). (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Polyplacophora
Chiton on a rock surface. (Photo courtesy of the NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
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from article Polyplacophora
Polyplacophoran mollusk (chiton): (a) dorsal view; (b) ventral view.
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from article Trace fossils
Domichnial dwelling burrow with pelleted wall, probably created by a burrowing crustacean. Ophiomorpha, Cretaceous, North Dakota. (From W. Häntzschel, in C. Teichert, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. W, revised, University of Kansas…
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from article Trace fossils
Highly branched, fodinichnial mining burrow, possibly produced by a deposit-feeding crustacean or worm. (a) Chondrites, Tertiary, Austria. (b) Chondrites, Tertiary, Spain. (From W. Häntzschel, in C. Teichert, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate…
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from article Trace fossils
Agrichnial farming trace of an unknown organism, composed of a hexagonal, meshlike network of tunnels. Paleodictyon, Tertiary, Poland. (Photograph by W. Häntzschel)
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from article Trace fossils
Agrichnial farming traces of unknown organisms, including a double-spiral tunnel (Spirorhaphe) and a meshlike network of tunnels (Paleodictyon). Tertiary, Austria. (Photograph by W. Häntzschel)
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from article Trace fossils
Loosely meandering, agrichnial farming trace of an unknown organism. Cosmorhaphe, Tertiary, Poland. (From W. Häntzschel, in C. Teichert, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. W, revised, University of Kansas Press, 1975)
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from article Trace fossils
Praedichnial boring drilled in a bivalve shell by a carnivorous gastropod. Oichnus, Recent, Texas. (Photograph by A. A. Ekdale)
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from article Trace fossils
Tightly meandering, pascichnial grazing trail, created by an unknown worm. Helminthoida, Tertiary, Austria. (From W. Häntzschel, in C. Teichert, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. W, revised, University of Kansas Press, 1975)
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from article Trace fossils
Repichnial trail of an arthropod, possibly a trilobite. Cruziana, Cambrian, Alberta. (Photograph by J. P. A. Magwood)
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from article Trace fossils
Unnamed escape structure (fugichnial trace) in sandstone. Cretaceous, Utah. (Photograph by A. A. Ekdale)
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from article Trace fossils
Cubichnial resting trace of an ophiuroid brittle star. Asteriacites, Jurassic, Germany. (Photograph by W. Häntzschel)
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from article Trace fossils
Complex, composite ichnofabric created by numerous successive phases of burrowing in a fine-grained pelagic carbonate deposit, which has been weakly cemented to become chalk. Upper Cretaceous, Denmark. (Photograph by A. A. Ekdale and R. G. Bromley)
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from article Guided missile
GBU-15 with data link system, mounted on F-4 Phantom II fighter. (Hughes Aircraft Co.)
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from article Guided missile
TOW (tube-launched, optically tracked, wire-guided) antitank missile and launch tube. Wings and tails fold to permit tube mounting. (Hughes Aircraft Co.)
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from article Guided missile
Launching of a field-mobile, short-range, all-weather surface-to-air Roland missile. The West German–French Roland has been licensed for production in the United States for use as a U.S. Army air defense weapon. (U.S. Army)
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from article Guided missile
F-15 Eagle fighter aircraft equipped with a mixture of short-range, infrared Sidewinder and medium-range, radar Sparrow air-to-air missiles. (McDonnell-Douglas)
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from article Guided missile
Phoenix long-range air-to-air supersonic missile. (a) Side view (Hughes Aircraft Co.). (b) Launch from F-14 fighter aircraft (U.S. Navy).
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from article Guided missile
Falcon air-to-air missile family, including missiles with infrared and radar guidance, and high-explosive and nuclear warheads. (Hughes Aircraft Co.)
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from article Guided missile
Tomahawk long-range, subsonic cruise missile. (a) Side view. (b) Submerged launch. Missile may also be launched from surface or air. (General Dynamics)
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from article Guided missile
Harpoon antiship cruise missile. (a) Ship-launched. (b) Air launch version on A-6 intruder attack aircraft. (McDonnell-Douglas)
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from article Guided missile
Image
from article Neandertals
Neandertal cranium excavated from Forbes' Quarry, Gibraltar. Note the pronounced brow ridges, large braincase, and receding forehead. (Credit: Clive Finlayson/Gibraltar Museum)
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from article Neandertals
Gorham's Cave, Gibraltar, is the last known site of Neandertal occupation, being dated possibly to 30,000 years ago. (Credit: Clive Finlayson/Gibraltar Museum)
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from article Neandertals
Reconstructed skull of a Neandertal from the cave at La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France. (Credit: Illustration adapted from an original drawing by M. F. Ashley Montagu)
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from article Atomic bomb
The mushroom cloud over Nagasaki, Japan, after an atomic bomb was dropped by U.S. aircraft on August 9, 1945. (Credit: Everett Historical/Shutterstock)
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from article Atomic bomb
Conceptual diagrams illustrating the main features of (a) implosion type and (b) gun-barrel type of fission weapons. (Credit: A. DeVolpi)
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from article Ctenothrissiformes
A Cretaceous ctenothrissiform fossil, Ctenothrissa sp. (order Ctenothrissiformes), on a limestone matrix found in Lebanon. Size: 90 mm (3.5 in.). (Photo courtesy of The Virtual Fossil Museum)
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from article Hyperbolic geometry
Examples of simple hyperbolic knots and links. (a) Figure-8 knot. (b) Whitehead link.
Image
from article Chicxulub impact crater
Bouguer gravity anomaly map over the Chicxulub impact crater. The coastline is designated by a thin white line, cenotes (natural pits) and sinkholes are designated by black dots, and the city of Mérida and the town of Chicxulub Puerto are designated…
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from article Chicxulub impact crater
Seismic line imaging of what lies beneath the seafloor, showing the Chicxulub impact crater. The crater includes many faults that can be grouped into an exterior ring fault, a series of outer ring faults, and a series of inner ring faults. Within…
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from article Graptolithina
Sketches of portions of pterobranch and graptolite colonies showing the dwelling tubes and the constructional units of the graptolite skeleton. (a) Young Rhabdopleura compacta colony with founder zooid and first asexual bud (Recent). Benthic…
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from article Graptolithina
Scanning electron micrograph of a graptolite (Pseudoclimacograptus scharengergi) showing the fuselli (horizontal ridges) that compose graptolite thecae, and the cortical bandages (oblique strips) that were deposited on top of the fuselli (Middle…
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from article Graptolithina
Hypothetical form of zooids that inhabited colony tubes, based on a planktic graptolite. Large zooids are shown with possible oarlike swimming organs used to move the colony through the ocean water and tentacles for feeding. Also shown are two…
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from article Graptolithina
Examples of some planktic graptolites, reconstructed to show three-dimensional form.
Image
from article Palaeonisciformes
Mimia toombsi (Gardiner & Bartram, 1977), Late Devonian, Gogo, Australia. One of the earliest palaeonisciforms, reaching 15 cm (6 in.) long, and known by complete fossils. (Reprinted with permission from B. G. Gardiner, The relationships of the…
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from article Palaeonisciformes
Chirodus granulosus (Young, 1866) was a deep-bodied palaeonisciform that grew to 10 cm (4 in.) and lived in Carboniferous coal swamps of Britain. The teeth formed cutting blades that may have been used to crop vegetation. This reconstruction is…
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from article Cladoselache
Cladoselache fyleri, from the Upper Devonian of Cleveland. (After S. E. Bendix-Algreen, 1975)
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from article Docodonta
Restoration of the skull of the Late Jurassic docodont Haldanodon in lateral view. Arrow points to dentary-squamosal articulation; the articular-quadrate articulation lies directly behind it (toward the midline of the skull). (Illustration by…
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from article Docodonta
Upper and lower molars of Docodon, a Late Jurassic docodont. (a) Occlusal view of an upper molar. (b) Internal and (c) occlusal views of a lower molar.
Image
from article Geometrization theorem
Making a 2-D torus.
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from article Geometrization theorem
Life in Seifert-Weber dodecahedral space. (Courtesy of Geometry Center, University of Minnesota)
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from article Geometrization theorem
Hyperbolic dodecahedron of infinite diameter. The infinite spikes are rounded off “chimneys,” which are here triangular rather than rectangular. (Courtesy of Paul Nylander from http://bugman123.com/)
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from article Geometrization theorem
Neck pinching, resulting in infinite curvature.
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from article Geometrization theorem
Ricci flow with surgery.
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from article Matrix theory
Vector rotation that rotates any vector v in the plane counterclockwise through 45° to a new vector Tv.
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from article Boolean algebra
A portrait of George Boole.
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from article Calculus of variations
Weierstrass condition. Symbols explained in text.
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from article Calculus of variations
Example of an area-minimizing surface that cannot be written as the graph of a single function. (a) Nonconvex domain C. (b) Minimal graph over C that is not area-minimizing. (c) Second surface over C that has less area. (After F. Morgan, Geometric…
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from article Calculus of variations
Comparison of surfaces. (a) Surface with no handles. (b) Surface with one handle and less area. (c) Surface with two handles and still less area. (d, e, f) These three surfaces are deformed to show that they do have zero, one, and two handles,…
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from article Calculus of variations
Examples of surfaces minimizing the integral of a nonelliptic integrand among all bodies having the same volume (the surface at upper left) and among all surfaces having the same boundary (the saddle-shaped surface). Surfaces were computed as part…
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from article Linear algebra
Geometric representation of a vector OP.
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from article Lepisosteiformes
Spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus). (Photo by Brian Montague, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
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from article Tommotian fauna
Tube-dwelling animals of the Tommotian fauna. (a) Cloudina, one of the earliest animals with a mineralized skeleton. (b) Aculeochrea, an anabaritid showing the three-rayed symmetry typical of the group. (c) Hyolithellus, an animal reinforcing its…
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from article Tommotian fauna
Reconstruction of life cycle of the probably scyphozoan Olivooides, based on fossilized embryos and polyps.
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from article Tommotian fauna
An archaeocyathan, interpreted to be a calcareous sponge.
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from article Tommotian fauna
Sclerite-bearing animals and probably mollusks. (a) Halkieria, a scale-and-plate-clad coeloscleritophoran (reprinted with permission from M. S. Conway and J. S. Peel, Articulated halkieriids from the Lower Cambrian of north Greenland, Nature,…
Image
from article Trilobita
Two iron-stained trilobites (Paradoxides) on a bedding plane slab from Morocco, North Africa, of Cambrian age. (Credit: Alan Morgan)
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from article Trilobita
Trilobite diversity and preservation. (a) Olenellid, Lower Cambrian (British Columbia). External mold of exoskeleton in shale. (b) Ogygopsis, Middle Cambrian (British Columbia). Molt assemblage, with cranidium and pygidium aligned, but librigenae,…
Image
from article Trilobita
Morphological features of trilobites. (a) Calymene, Silurian (New York). Dorsal view of mineralized exoskeleton. (b) Phacops, Devonian (Ohio). Ventral (bottom) view of cephalon and anterior segments of the thorax, with hypostome attached. (c)…
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from article Trilobita
Triarthrus eatoni, Upper Ordovician (New York). Reconstruction with dorsal exoskeleton removed on right side to show appendages. Antennae are incomplete. Exites (gill branches) of the first nine postantennal appendages are removed to show the…
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from article Radian measure
Diagrams showing radian measurement. Symbols are explained in the text.
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from article Z transform
Extraction of discrete-time sample values from a continuous signal.
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from article Monoplacophora
Living and fossil Monoplacophora. (a) Neopilina galatheae. (b) Tryblidium reticulatum. (After R. C. Moore, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. I, 1957)
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from article Monoplacophora
Side views of various helcionellacean and bellerophont univalved mollusks. (a) Cyrtonellopsis; (b) Hypseloconus; (c) Cyclocyrtonella; (d) Stenotheca; (e) Bellerophon; (f) Tropidodiscus. (After B. Runnegar, Class Monoplacophora, in R. S. Boardman, A.…
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from article Heterocorallia
Morphology of the heterocorallian skeleton. (a) External view. (b) Transverse thin section. (c) Median longitudinal thin section. (d) Enlarged part of c. (After R. C. Moore, ed., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, pt. F, Geological Society of…
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from article Heterocorallia
Details of the heterocorallian body. (a) Generalized pattern of septal insertion (from O. Schindewolf, Grundfragen der Paläontologie, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1950). (b) Reconstruction of the mesenterial in the soft body (from M. Gudo,…
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from article Selachii
Caribbean reef shark (Carcharhinus perezi), a species of ground shark. (Getty Images copyright © Digital Vision)
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from article Pythagorean theorem
Proof of Pythagorean theorem based on comparison of areas of squares.
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from article Pythagorean theorem
Three-dimensional Pythagorean theorem.
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from article Insectivora
Buena Vista Lake ornate shrew (Sorex ornatus relictus) sitting on the palm of a hand. (Photo courtesy of California State University, Stanislaus; and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
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from article Insectivora
Reconstruction of Deinogalerix, an extinct giant insectivore (erinaceid) from the Miocene of Italy. (Adapted from M. Freudenthal, Deinogalerix koenigswaldi nov. gen., nov. spec., a giant insectivore from the Neogene of Italy, Scr. Geol., 14:1–19,…
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from article Insectivora
Skull of Kennalestes, an extinct proteutherian from the Cretaceous of Mongolia.
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from article Graphic methods
Percentages of distribution of grades in a class, depicted by (a) bar graph and (b) circle graph.
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from article Graphic methods
Line graph of the functional relation y = 5 − x.
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from article Fractal
Koch curve, (a) first and (b) second stages.
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from article Halimeda
Halimeda kanaloana found in the waters off Hawaii. (Photo courtesy of the Deep Water Macroalgal Meadows 2004 Exploration, Office of Ocean Exploration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
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from article Stenurida
Stenurida. (a) Ventral view of an arm and mouth frame plates of Bdellacoma vermiformis, a stenurid with long, slender arms. (b) Stenaster obtusus, a stenurid with short, broad arms. (After W. K. Spencer and C. W. Wright, Asterozoans, in R. C. Moore,…
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from article Hypergeometric functions
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from article Sarcopterygii
Marbled or speckle-bellied lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus). This African lungfish, a member of the class Sarcopterygii, can reach up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in length. (Photo by Joel Abroad)
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from article Xiphosurida
Segmentation of Limulus polyphemus. Inconclusive evidence indicates that there are 15 segments (6 in the prosoma, 9 in the opisthosoma). The telson (XV) may be a terminal spine that has become articulated and has incorporated the anus into its base.…
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from article Xiphosurida
Phylogeny and representative species of the order Xiphosura, including the suborder Xiphosurida and its sister group, synziphosurines (a paraphyletic stem group). (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Xiphosurida
Paleolimulus signatus, a limuline xiphosurid from the Permian of Kansas, showing appendages and book gills. Length of specimen: 1.25 cm (0.5 in.). (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Xiphosurida
Carapaces of adult male horseshoe crabs: (a) Limulus polyphemus; (b) Tachypleus tridentatus; (c) Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Xiphosurida
Embryonic and larval development of Limulus polyphemus. (a) Early embryo, side view. (b) Late embryo. (c) Yolk-filled digestive tract of larva. Note the segmentation of yolk in the newly hatched stage and the six lobes of digestive gland. (d) First…
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from article Xiphosurida
Morphology of adult male Limulus polyphemus. (a) Dorsal view. (b) Ventral view, appendages not shown. (c) Cross section through prosoma showing internal anatomy. (d) Posterior view. (e) Lateral view. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Slope
Slope of a line.
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from article Slope
Slope of a curve.
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from article Temnospondyli
Common Permian temnospondyl Eryops; length is approximately 6 ft (2 m). (After American Museum of Natural History)
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from article Mammoth
Skeleton of a mammoth (genus Mammuthus). (Credit: Beatrissa/Shutterstock)
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from article Mammoth
Photograph of the grinding surfaces of a molar tooth of an adult Mammuthus columbi (main image) and a tooth from a baby mammoth (lower-left image). Cross ridges of enamel show various stages of wear, with dentine in the middle of each pair of…
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from article Mammoth
View of a sculpture of a mammoth at the La Brea Tar Pits and Museum in Los Angeles, California. (Credit: Zack Frank/Shutterstock)
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from article Mammoth
Pictographs of a mammoth and a bison at a site along the San Juan River in Utah: (top) photo without enhancement; (bottom) labeled photo with colorized mammoth and bison. (Credit: Ekkehart Malotki)
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from article Piltdown man
Three views of the reconstructed skull of Piltdown. The original preserved portions are shown as dark areas. The light portions are reconstructed only.
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from article Orthida
Orthida: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, (c) posterior, and (d) anterior views of Platystrophia, Ordovician; (e) diversity history of orthid families. (a–d after R. C. Moore, C. G. Lalicker, and A. G. Fischer, Invertebrate Fossils, McGraw-Hill, New York,…
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from article Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics (indicated by the star in the diagram) is a scientific discipline that combines biology, mathematics, and computer science. It applies the power of computer processing to the study of biological systems. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
