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from article Bridge maintenance
Under-bridge snooper truck during bridge inspection. (Courtesy Lian Duan)
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from article Bridge maintenance
Repair of concrete I-girder by replacement of damaged concrete.
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from article Bridge maintenance
Strengthening of a steel I-girder by adding new steel plates to flanges.
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from article Bridge maintenance
Strengthening a steel girder by applying external post-tensioning force.
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from article Bridge maintenance
A typical steel jacket for a reinforced-concrete column.
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from article Bridge maintenance
Built-up steel member retrofit. (Courtesy Lian Duan)
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from article Bridge maintenance
Seismic isolation bearing installed in the Antioch Bridge, California. (Courtesy Lian Duan)
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from article Bridge maintenance
A damper installed in the west span of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, California. (Courtesy Lian Duan)
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from article Video disk
DVD operational principles.
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from article Process control
Optimum operation of distillation column.
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from article Process control
Estimation of product quality by on-line computer.
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from article Process control
Block diagram illustrating feedback loop around process.
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from article Process control
Feedback and feedforward control on continuous stirred chemical reactor.
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from article Process control
Block diagram of typical feedforward control.
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from article Process control
Closed-loop fuzzy process control.
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from article Process control
Neural network for process modeling and control.
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from article Process control
Local computer system.
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from article Process control
Schematic example of modern distributed control system.
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from article Galliformes
White-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus), Glacier National Park, Montana. (Photo by Gerald and Buff Corsi, copyright © California Academy of Sciences)
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from article Manganese
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from article Crystal growth
Schematic representation of cross section of crystal at three stages of regular growth.
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from article Crystal growth
A model of a crystal surface showing the inequivalent binding sites at which the atoms labeled A and B are located. (General Electric Co.)
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from article Crystal growth
A dendrite. Growth direction is upward for primary protuberances; side branches grow perpendicularly; side branches on the side branches are also seen growing perpendicularly. (After W. Kurz and D. J. Fisher, Fundamentals of Solidification, Trans…
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from article Crystal growth
Hypothetical binary system AB having simple compound formation. (a) Phase diagram. (b) Corresponding partial pressure curves. The extent of the stoichiometry range is greatly exaggerated for illustration.
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from article Crystal growth
Czochralski crystal growth and temperature distribution.
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from article Crystal growth
Vertical Bridgman crystal and temperature distribution.
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from article Crystal growth
An isotherm in the aluminum-gallium-arsenic (Al-Ga-As) ternary phase diagram. Each corner represents a pure element and each point within the diagram a unique composition, all at a given temperature. Each composition on the liquidus is in…
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from article Crystal growth
Molecular-beam epitaxy apparatus.
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from article Crystal growth
Cross section of a gallium arsenide–aluminum arsenide (GaAs–AlAs) single crystal with individual gallium arsenide and aluminum arsenide layers each about 5 × 10−10 m thick.
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from article Echinoida
Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck), tropical eastern and western Atlantic, found at depths of 0–55 m (0–180 ft). (From G. Hendler et al., Sea Stars, Sea Urchins and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean, Smithsonian Press, Washington, DC,…
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from article Echinoida
A pyramid from Aristotle's lantern, showing epiphyses joined and tooth with keel. (After H. L. Hawkins, The lantern and girdle of some Recent and fossil Echinoidea, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B, 223:617–649, 1934)
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from article Echinoida
An ambulacral plate from the test, with the lowest element being the largest. (After T. Mortensen, A monograph of the Echinoidea: Camarodonta, C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 1943)
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from article Paramecium
Photomicrograph of Paramecium caudatum. (Credit: Nancy Nehring/Getty Images)
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from article Risk assessment and management
Risk management and assessment involves solving problems such as the lifetime risk of occupational exposure to radiation from nuclear power reactors. (Copyright © Philip Lange/Shutterstock.com)
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from article Risk assessment and management
Risk analysis, assessment, and management.
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from article Heterodonta
Common heterodont bivalves. (Credit: Ronald V. Dimock, Jr.)
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from article Heterodonta
Common heterodont bivalves. (Credit: Ronald V. Dimock, Jr.)
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from article Stripping (chemical engineering)
Stripping column and accessory equipment.
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from article Stripping (chemical engineering)
Column operating diagrams. (a) Absorption. (b) Stripping.
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from article Phase-locked loops
Basic components of a phase-locked loop.
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from article Phase-locked loops
Diode phase detector.
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from article Phase-locked loops
Double-balanced phase detector. (a) Circuit. (b) Waveforms.
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from article Phase-locked loops
Digital phase/frequency detector. Q = output; Q = inverting output.
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from article Phase-locked loops
Loop filter configurations. (a) Passive. (b) Active.
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from article Mixer
Linear mixers. (a) Passive linear mixer based on a resistive summing network. (b) Active linear mixer with an operational amplifier.
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from article Mixer
Balanced modulator (nonlinear mixer). Only signal paths are shown. Biasing must be added.
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from article Sol-gel process
Flow chart showing the sol-gel methods used to prepare bulk glasses, thin films of glass or ceramics, and powders; the powders are then sintered to produce ceramics.
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from article Aye-aye
Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis). (Photograph by Urs Thalmann, Anthropological Institute, University of Zürich)
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from article Tick virus diseases
A deer or black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). (Credit: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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from article Tick virus diseases
Diagram depicting the life cycle of Ixodes scapularis. This deer tick can transmit viruses and other pathogens that cause a number of important diseases, including Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. The risk of human infection is greatest…
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from article Tick virus diseases
World map depicting the locations of human tick-borne disease cases. Heartland, Bourbon, and Colorado tick fever virus cases are unique to North America. Powassan encephalitis cases are reported in North America and Russia. Tick-borne encephalitis…
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from article Tick virus diseases
Cases of Powassan encephalitis reported in the United States from 2006 to 2015. Most of the reported cases are in Minnesota, New York, and Wisconsin. (Credit: ArboNET, Arboviral Diseases Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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from article Euryalida
Aboral body of a basket star, Euryale aspera (family Euryalidae, order Euryalida), clinging to a red soft coral colony and spreading its branching arms.
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from article Euryalida
A snake star, Astrochele pacifica (family Gorgonocephalidae, order Euryalida): (a) aboral body; (b) aboral arms; and (c) a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a separated microscopic hook. (Credit for photo a: Shimoda Marine Research Center,…
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from article Systems integration
Systems integration activity, showing the architecture for the system.
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from article Systems integration
Tactical and strategic perspective of systems integration, showing essential elements.
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from article Straight-line mechanism
Classical four-bar linkage straight-line mechanisms: (a) Watt, (b) Russell, (c) Evans, (d) Roberts, (e) Chelbyshev, (f) Peaucellier.
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from article Straight-line mechanism
Geared straight-line mechanisms. (a) Cardan circle pair; small-gear diameter = 0.5 large-gear diameter. (b) Standard gear; gear diameter 2 = 0.5 gear diameter 1; gear diameters 3 and 4 are arbitrary.
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from article Straight-line mechanism
Translating follower cam mechanism with an instantaneously equivalent slider-crank representation.
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from article Straight-line mechanism
Chain/belt–sprocket combination.
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from article Pinnipeds
Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus). (Credit: Donna Dewhurst Collection/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
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from article Pinnipeds
Steller sea lion and pup (Eumetopias jubatus). (Credit: Alaska Image Library/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
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from article Pinnipeds
Evolutionary relationships and stratigraphic ranges of major groups of pinnipeds. Shaded bars correspond to known ranges, and white bars correspond to inferred ranges. Ma = million years ago. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Panda
Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). (Credit: John White)
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from article Panda
Red panda (Ailurus fulgens). (Credit: John White)
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from article Supercritical wing
Comparison of airflow about airfoils. (a) Conventional airfoil, Mach number = 0.7. (b) Supercritical airfoil, Mach number = 0.8
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from article Eocrinoidea
Reconstructions of Cambrian and Ordovician eocrinoids. (a) Gogia spiralis, from the Middle Cambrian of Utah, showing the primitive holdfast; sutural pores between the numerous thecal plates; and long, spiraled brachioles attached to the summit…
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from article Kinetoplastida
Representative genera of families of order Kinetoplastida. (a) Oikomonas (family Oikomonadidae), one anterior flagellum. (b) Amphimonas (family Amphimonadidae), two equally long anterior flagella. (c) Monas (family Monadidae), two unequally long…
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from article Electric transient
Resistance and inductance in series.
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from article Electric transient
Resistance and capacitance in series.
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from article Electric transient
Resistance, inductance, and capacitance in series for three cases.
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from article Electric transient
RLC circuit with alternating current source.
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from article Electric transient
Causes of electric transients in power systems.
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from article Electric transient
Analysis of electric transients involving both harmonic oscillation and traveling waves. (a) Configuration of power system for study of transient recovery voltage (TRV). (b) Model for evaluating steady state before breaker opening. (c) Model for…
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from article Electric transient
Graphical interpretation of electromagnetic transients on transmission line. (a–f) Voltage profiles along line. (g) Derived voltage at beginning of line as a function of time.
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from article Electric transient
Transient recovery voltages (TRVs). (a) TRVs on source side (vS) and line side (vl). (b) TRV across circuit breaker (vB).
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from article Electric transient
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from article Giraffe
Giraffe (genus Giraffa). (Credit: Arthur J. Emmrich; copyright © California Academy of Sciences)
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from article Regular polytopes
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from article Regular polytopes
Two regular polyhedrons. (a) Dodecahedron {5,3}. (b) Icosahedron {3,5}.
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from article Regular polytopes
Two of the six regular four-dimensional polytopes. (a) The 5-cell {3,3,3}. (b) The 8-cell {4,3,3}.
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from article Sarcosporida
Cross section of Miescher's tube filled with Sarcocystis spores (probably S. lindemanni) from a monkey.
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from article Meteor
Leonid meteor shower observed at the Modra Astronomical Observatory in Slovakia through a fisheye lens. The exposure on November 16–17, 1998, lasted 4 h. About 150 bolides brighter than magnitude −2 can be seen; the brightest fireball is about…
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from article Ferrite devices
Plot of magnetic induction B as a function of magnetic field strength H.
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from article Ferrite devices
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from article Subsonic flight
Flow around an airfoil (a) without circulation and (b) with circulation.
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from article Subsonic flight
Flow occurring at small Reynolds numbers (a) around a circular cylinder and (b) around an elliptical cylinder. (From L. Prandtl and O.G. Tietjens, Applied Hydro- and Aeromechanics, Dover, 1934)
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from article Subsonic flight
Flow pattern on an airfoil in a real fluid. (a) Low angle of attack, unstalled. (b) High angle of attack, stalled. (From P. P. Ewald, T. Poschl, and L. Prandtl, Physics of Solids and Fluids, Blackie, 1936)
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from article Subsonic flight
Dimensionless laminar boundary layer and turbulent boundary layer profiles.
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from article Subsonic flight
Boundary-layer growth on a sphere for R > 550,000. The boundary-layer thickness is exaggerated in the diagram for clarity. ( After J. H. Dwinnell, Principles of Aerodynamics, McGraw-Hill, 1949)
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from article Subsonic flight
Representation of a rectangular wing by a horseshoe vortex.
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from article Fiber crops
Cotton, the most important textile fiber crop grown in the world. (Photo by Gary Kramer, Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)
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from article Air armament
Air Superiority Missile Concept.
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from article Air armament
Low-Cost Autonomous Attack System (LOCAAS; formerly Low-Cost Antiarmor Submunition). (a) Autonomous submunition, with length of 30 in. (0.75 m), wingspan of 40 in. (1.0 m), and weight of 90–100 lb (40–45 kg). (b) Various warhead modes.
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from article Analytic hierarchy
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from article Analytic hierarchy
Analytic hierarchy used to assist a family in buying a new car.
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from article Analytic hierarchy
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from article Analytic hierarchy
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from article Analytic hierarchy
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from article Analytic hierarchy
