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from article Exposure meter
Basic exposure meter circuits. (a) Photovoltaic type circuit. (b) Photoconductive type circuit.
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from article Donor atom
Pentavalent donor atom, phosphorus (P), in the elemental semiconductor silicon (Si). (a) Phosphorus atom in a substitutional position, that is, replacing silicon, a tetravalent host atom, by completing the four tetrahedral covalent bonds with its…
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from article Radiation damage to materials
The five principal mechanisms of radiation damage are ionization, vacancies, interstitials, impurity atoms, and thermal spikes. Diagram shows how a neutron might give rise to each in copper. Grid-line intersections are equilibrium positions for…
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from article Radiation damage to materials
Sensitivity of engineering materials to radiation. Levels are approximate and subject to variation. Changes are in most cases at least 10%. (After O. Sisman and J. C. Wilson, Nucleonics, 14:58–65, 1956)
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from article Oscilloscope
Four-channel 150-MHz analog oscilloscope. (Credit: Tektronix)
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from article Oscilloscope
Sweep generator waveforms. (a) Single waveform, showing instant of trigger (T). (b) Dual time base in set-up mode: sweep by A, intensified by B. (c) Dual time base in delayed display mode: scan delayed by A, sweep by B.
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from article Oscilloscope
High-speed general-purpose digitizing oscilloscope. (Credit: Tektronix)
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from article Afterburner
Diagram of turbojet engine showing afterburner.
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from article Afterburner
Thermocycle diagrams for turbojet engine. (a) Pressure vs volume. (b) Temperature vs entropy. Shaded areas show increased output produced by afterburner.
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from article Zener diode
Diode voltage-current (V-I) characteristics.
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from article Zener diode
Zener diode circuit to define a very stable current, I, using an operational amplifier and three stable resistors, R1, R2, and R3. The voltage V1 across the Zener itself defines a higher level V2 from which the current I is drawn.
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from article Pirani gage
Diagram of a Pirani gage.
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from article Zinc alloys
Creep of two pressure-die-cast zinc alloys at 167°F (75°C). 1 ton-force/in.2 = 13.8 MPa.
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from article Zinc alloys
Variation with temperature and stress to produce 0.1% plastic strain in 500 h for two zinc die-casting alloys. 1 tonf/in.2 = 13.8 MPa.
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from article Zinc alloys
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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)
Network and its Thévenin equivalent. (a) Original network. (b) Thévenin equivalent circuit.
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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)
Network and its Norton equivalent. (a) Original network. (b) Norton equivalent circuit.
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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)
Power distribution circuit and its Thévenin and Norton equivalents. (a) Original circuit. (b) Thévenin equivalent circuit with its load ZL connected. (c) Norton equivalent circuit.
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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)
Amplifier and its Thévenin and Norton equivalents. Numerical values are given in the text. (a) Original circuit. (b) Circuit constructed to find Thévenin impedance. (c) Thévenin equivalent circuit. (d) Norton equivalent circuit.
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from article Thévenin's theorem (electric networks)
Circuit constructed to demonstrate Thévenin's theorem.
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from article Digital filter
Finite impulse response (FIR) filters. (a) Tapped delay-line filter. (b) Injected delay-line filter.
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from article Digital filter
Elemental building blocks of infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. (a) First-order building block; direct form. wn = b1 wn − 1 + xn, yn = a0 wn + a1 wn − 1. (b) First-order building block; transpose form. (c) Biquadratic building block; direct…
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from article Digital filter
Realizations of higher-order filters from elemental building blocks. (a) Cascade realization. (b) Partial- fraction-expansion realization.
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from article Digital filter
Digital all-pass filters. (a) First-order filter. (b) Second-order lattice filter. (c) Higher-order filter assembled from a parallel bank of all-pass sections.
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from article Digital filter
Typical adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter.
