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from article Ordovician
Ordovician, the second period of the Paleozoic Era.
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from article Ordovician
Early Ordovician (Arenig) paleogeography, major rock suites and potential ocean surface currents; based on remanent magnetism data supplemented by plots of the positions of shelf sea carbonates and reefs.
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from article Decision theory
Decision tree for the problem given in the text. Numbers at nodes represent time past alarm (7:00 A.M.), and numbers at branches refer to the decision mode or state of nature.
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from article Decision theory
From of a decision matrix. Oij = outcome corresponding to the interaction of a strategy (Si) and a state of nature (Nj).
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from article Decision theory
Decision tree structure to determine the subjective utility of lottery outcomes.
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from article Decision theory
Hypothetical subjective utility curves.
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from article Granite
Classification of granitic rocks by the IUGS scheme. All proportions are by volume percentages.
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from article South America
Map of South America.
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from article South America
Andes Mountains, Chile. The Andes, which parallel the Pacific coast, constitute one of the Earth's most majestic features. Only the Himalayas exceed them in elevation and mass. (United Press International)
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from article South America
Representative view of the hilly uplands and low mountain country of the Guiana Highlands. One of five waterfalls on the Canaima River, Gran Sabana in southern Venezuela. (Venezuelan Information Service)
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from article South America
Uplifted beaches on desert coast, east side of San Juan Bay, Departmento de Ica, Peru. The sea cliff is about 100 ft (30 m) high. Each horizontal line represents a former beach. (Photograph by F. Atchley)
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from article South America
Port of Matarani on the desert coast of southern Peru. This oblique aerial view looks coastwise southward over one of the world's driest and most barren coastal zones. (Servicio Aerofotográfico Nacional)
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from article Bytownite
Bytownite, from Crystal Bay, Minnesota. (Specimen from Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College)
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from article Metamorphic rocks
Fabrics of metamorphic rocks under microscope. (a) Mortar fabric; (b) flaser or mylonitic fabric; (c) granoblastic fabric (after E. E. Wahlstrom, Petrographic Mineralogy, John Wiley and Sons, 1955). (d) Lepidoblastic fabric; (e) nematoblastic…
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from article Metamorphic rocks
Diagram showing the general relationship between deformation folding and slaty cleavage caused by pressure PP or the couple ScSc. Heavy black lines denote the original bedding deformed into folds. Thin lines indicate slaty cleavage which may grow…
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from article Metamorphic rocks
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from article Metamorphic rocks
Mineral facies groups of regional metamorphic rocks showing the temperature and pressure of metamorphism. °F = (°C × 1.8) + 32.1 km = 0.6 mi.
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from article Geographic information systems
Comparison of (a) raster and (b) vector data models at the boundary of a residential housing subdivision. Raster data files consist of rows of uniform cells coded according to data values. Raster files are easily manipulated, but are less detailed…
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from article Geographic information systems
Overlay analysis using raster data files.
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from article Chaos
Graphic depicting extreme rainfall totals in the state of South Carolina in early October, 2015, which according to National Weather Service statistics represented a 1,000-year rainfall event, meaning such an event is expected to occur about once…
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from article Chaos
Transition from order to chaos (turbulence) in a rising column of cigarette smoke. The initial smooth streamline flow represents order, while the erratic flow represents chaos.
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from article Chaos
Three-dimensional visualization of the Lorenz butterfly as traced out by the trajectory of the original simulation reported by Lorenz in 1963 (σ = 10, b = 8/3, r = 28) with initial conditions (X, Y, Z) = (0, 1, 0). The integration was performed with…
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from article Chaos
Separation of solutions on the Lorenz attractor. The two trajectories starting from the nearby initial points indicated by the balls in the right lobe of the attractor stay together for several circuits around both lobes and then separate as they…
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from article Chaos
Examples of fractal (self-similar) sets. (a) The Mandelbrot set in the complex plane, with origin indicated by the cross. A single point in the complex plane (in this case C = 0.314 − 0.537 i, where 1 = 1 ) generates (b) an associated Julia set.
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from article Chaos
Representations of pendulum motion corresponding to a periodic variation in angular position θ whose amplitude is just less than π radians (180°). (a) Phase-space representation (plot of momentum p versus θ). (b) Time plots of θ and of p = Θ. (c)…
