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from article Fat and oil (food)
Olive oil and other sources of healthy fats in food. Cocoa butter in dark chocolate is a mixture of fatty acids. (Credit: Lumus Photography/iStock/Getty Images)
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from article Fat and oil (food)
Refining process for fats and oils. RBD = refined, bleached, and deodorized.
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Spermatozoa and fertilizable eggs. (a) Sea urchin spermatozoon. (b) Marine annelid (Nereis) egg, with intact germinal vesicle containing a nucleolus. Spheres surrounding germinal vesicle are oil droplets. (c) Marine mussel (Mytilus) egg, germinal…
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Formation of the fertilization membrane in the sea urchin egg. (a) Surface of the unfertilized egg. (b) Explosion of the cortical granules: the vitelline membrane begins to be lifted up while the dark bodies are extruded, and the egg plasma membrane…
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Symmetry of cleavage patterns and invertebrate blastulae. (a, b) Spiral cleavage. (c) Bilateral cleavage. (d) Radial cleavage. (e) Irregular cleavage. (f) Sea urchin blastula. Relatively uniformly sized blastomeres and large blastocoele. (g) Annelid…
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Gastrulation and larval mesoderm formation. (a) Early and (b) later stage in nonyolky eggs. (c) Late blastula, (d) early gastrula, and (e) late gastrula in yolky egg of the snail. (f) Mesoderm formation in the limpet (Patella) shown in sections…
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Maturation and early cleavage in the mussel (Mytilus). (a) First polar body being formed at animal pole; polar lobe at vegetal pole. (b) First polar body completely extruded; polar lobe withdrawn. (c, d) Second polar body formation. (e–g) First…
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Stages in the development of Patella and gastrulation in a tunicate. (a) Late blastula of Patella; macromeres being covered by micromeres, and blastopore at vegetal pole. (b) Early trochophore of Patella; blastopore shifted forward. (c) Matured…
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Cleavage and gastrulation in the sea urchin. (a) Zygote. (b) Two-cell stage. (c) Four-cell stage. (d) Eight-cell stage. (e) Sixteen-cell stage. (f) Thirty-two–cell stage. (g) Vegetal region of blastula flattened; primary mesenchymal cells in…
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Larval stages. (a) Ventral and (b) side view of pluteus larva of sea urchin. (c) Section through tunicate gastrula. (d) Tadpole stage of tunicate larva.
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Young echinoid Peronella japonica, after metamorphosis. (After K. Okazaki and J. C. Dan, Metamorphosis of partial larvae of Peronella japonica Morteusen, a sand dollar, Biol. Bull., 106:83–99, 1954)
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from article Invertebrate embryology
Metamorphosis in tunicate. (a) Beginning of metamorphosis. (b) Young adult.
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from article Graphic methods
Percentages of distribution of grades in a class, depicted by (a) bar graph and (b) circle graph.
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from article Graphic methods
Line graph of the functional relation y = 5 − x.
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from article Schizophrenia risk genes
Genomic distribution of schizophrenia-associated variants. Represented by red dots, these variants signpost the genomic neighborhoods of schizophrenia risk genes on the 24 human chromosomes. Clusters of association signals (“hot spots”) are visible.…
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from article Bacterial growth
Colonial growth displayed by Gram-negative Yersinia pestis bacteria, which were grown on a medium of chocolate agar, for a 72-h time period, at a temperature of 25°C (77°F). Yersinia pestis is pathogenic toward humans and is responsible for causing…
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from article Bacterial growth
Growth cycle, showing the consequence of diluting a stationary-phase culture into fresh medium. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Fractal
Koch curve, (a) first and (b) second stages.
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from article Sex chromosome
Schematic of the human sex chromosomes. Males have an X chromosome and a Y chromosome, whereas females have two X chromosomes. On the Y chromosome, it is the SRY (sex-determining region on the Y) gene that triggers male development. (Copyright ©…
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from article Insect physiology
Brood X cicada drying out after shedding its exoskeleton. (Credit: Michael J. Shirey)
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from article Insect physiology
Wing movements in the flight of an insect. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Insect physiology
Compound eye structure. (a) Head with compound eye. (b) Four ommatidia removed and magnified. (c, d) Representative types of ommatidia. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Spearmint
Native spearmint (Mentha spicata). (Credit: Gerald D. Carr)
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from article Botulism
A colony of Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism, growing on egg yolk agar. (Credit: Larry Stauffer/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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from article Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Each nucleotide is composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar known as ribose; a phosphate group (P); and one of four bases attached to each ribose. The four bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G),…
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from article Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Structural representations of a generalized tRNA molecule. (a) Secondary structure model showing base-pairing interactions within the tRNA. The characteristic and/or invariant nucleotides are the same regardless of the type of tRNA; the remainder…
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from article Liver
The human liver is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, immediately beneath the diaphragm. Two hepatic lobes are recognized: a larger right lobe and a smaller left lobe. The hepatic artery and portal vein provide the liver with a dual…
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from article Liver
Diagram of the histology of the liver. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Liver
Human liver and its major dorsal connections. Rami venae portae: C, centralis; I, intermedius; ID, inferior dexter; Inf, inferior sinister; L, lateralis; Q, quadratus; SS, superior sinister. Venae hepaticae: HCD, dorsocaudalis; HD, dextra; HM,…
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from article Liver
Liver structure. (Credit: E. Oppenheimer/Ciba)
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from article Liver
Disposition of the hepatic (liver-cell) plate and sinusoids around the terminal hepatic venule or central vein, showing centripetal flow of blood from branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein and centrifugal flow of bile to the small bile duct…
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from article Liver
Relationship of the liver (parenchymal) cells to each other and to the sinusoids, with principal components of the hepatic cell as seen in electron micrographs. (Credit: W. Bloom and D. W. Fawcett/Saunders)
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from article Hypergeometric functions
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from article Acoustic microscope
Acoustic lens.
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from article Acoustic microscope
Acoustic images. (a) Bipolar transistor on silicon integrated circuit and (b) myxobacterium, both images taken in superfluid helium at 0.2 K (from J. S. Foster and D. Rugar, Low-temperature acoustic microscopy, IEEE Trans., SU-32, 139–151, 1985).…
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from article Acoustic microscope
Acoustic rays interacting to produce contrast enhancement in imaging at defocus and to generate V(z) curve.
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from article Tarragon
Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus). (Photo by Leo Michels)
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from article Neandertal DNA
The geographical range within which Neandertal remains have been found (dashed line). White dots show the sites of the discoveries used to estimate the almost-complete hypervariable segment I (HVS-I) sequence of the Neandertal mtDNA. The approximate…
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from article Neandertal DNA
The mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVS-I) diversity found in eight Neandertals. The nucleotide substitutions and insertions relative to the Cambridge Reference Sequence (CRS) are shaded. (Credit: Igor Ovchinnikov and William Goodwin)
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from article Neandertal DNA
Phylogenetic analysis of the Neandertal mtDNA hypervariable segment I (HVS-I) sequence. (a) Neighbor-joining tree of the Neandertal mtDNA sequences and 2500 modern human HVS-I sequences from 43 modern populations. (b) Neighbor-joining tree of the…
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from article Borrelia
A digitally colorized scanning electron micrograph of a grouping of numerous Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria. The B. burgdorferi pathogen is responsible for causing Lyme disease, which is transmitted to humans by way of a tick bite. Borrelia…
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from article Cognition
The internal structures and processes that constitute the basis for cognition emanate from the brain (shown here in a colorized magnetic resonance image). (Credit: Shutterstock)
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from article Cognition
Cognitive models of information processing take into account information from the environment, sensory and perceptual processes, memory, thinking, and language. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Cognition
Light micrograph of Purkinje neurons (light blue) in the cerebellum. Nerve cells of the brain act collectively to process information needed for proper cognitive functioning. (Credit: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library/Alamy Stock Photo)
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from article Oral gland
The three major bilateral pairs of salivary oral glands found in mammals: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Slope
Slope of a line.
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from article Slope
Slope of a curve.
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from article Feather
Typical flight feather. (a) Full view. (b) Detail of base. (c) Detail of vane. (After J. Van Tyne and A. J. Berger, Fundamentals of Ornithology, 2d ed., John Wiley and Sons, 1976)
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from article Feather
Parts of three barbs from a vaned feather, showing the hooking mechanism of the overlapping barbules. (After J. C. Welty, The Life of Birds, Saunders, 1962)
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from article Feather
Types of feathers, (a) Filoplume. (b) Vane or contour. (c) Down. (d) Semiplume. (After J. C. Welty, The Life of Birds, Saunders, 1962)
