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The carpal tunnel is a thin passageway among ligaments, muscles, and tendons located in the wrist on the anterior (palm) side of the hand. Compression of the median nerve, which courses through the carpal tunnel, can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome.…

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from article Rickettsioses

Coxiella burnetii (shown in yellow color), the causative bacterial agent of the rickettsial disease (rickettsiosis) known as Q fever, in an infected cell. (Photo courtesy of Robert Heinzen, Elizabeth Fischer, and Anita Mora, National Institute of…

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from article Maternal behavior

In this display of maternal behavior, a mother robin pauses while feeding her three chicks. (Credit: Paul Mozell/Alamy Images)

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from article Maternal behavior

The mother cow is responsible for providing milk for the young calf. (Credit: Anjo Kan/Shutterstock)

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from article Hallucination

Brain regions that may be involved in hallucinations. The thalamus, another important brain structure, is not depicted here as it is buried deep inside the brain. (Copyright © American Psychological Association; reproduced with permission from A.…

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from article Amalgam

Tooth with a dental amalgam filling. (Credit: Szasz-Fabian Jozsef/Shutterstock.com)

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from article Virus

Computer-generated representations of viruses. The protein coats of the viruses are shown in three dimensions. (a) Norwalk virus. (b) Front view: Southern bean mosaic virus. (c) Adenovirus. (d) Ross River virus. [Credit: (a, b, c) Richard J.…

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from article Virus

Colorized negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of the swine flu virus. (Credit: C. S. Goldsmith and A. Balish/U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

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from article Virus

Colorized transmission electron micrograph (TEM) reveals some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by an Ebola virus virion. (Credit: Frederick A. Murphy/U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

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from article Virus

Digitally generated view of the internal structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Credit: MedicalRF)

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from article Virus

Diagram depicting the viral processes involved in the AIDS life cycle. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I) enters the T-lymphocyte cell, where the virus loses its outer envelope, releasing its RNA and its reverse transcriptase. The reverse…

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from article Alcoholism

Deaths as a result of alcohol poisoning: (left) alcohol poisoning deaths are most common among middle-aged adults; (right) men are approximately three times more likely to die from alcohol poisoning compared to women. (Credit: National Vital…

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from article Alcoholism

Punctate hemorrhages in the mammillary bodies of the brain displaying evidence of Wernicke encephalopathy. This complication is often seen in chronic alcohol abusers and affects thiamine uptake and utilization. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)

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from article Alcoholism

Alcohol dependence or abuse among adults aged 21 years or older within a 12-month period as a function of the age of the individual at the first use of alcohol. (Credit: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of…

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from article HeLa cell

Multiphoton fluorescence image of HeLa cells stained with the actin-binding toxin phalloidin (red), microtubules (blue), and cell nuclei (purple). (Credit: Tom Deerinck/National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research/National Institutes of…

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from article HeLa cell

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from article Acetaminophen

The molecular structure of acetaminophen.

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from article Acetaminophen

Production of the metabolite AM404.

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from article Acetaminophen

Production of the metabolite NAPQI.

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from article Haemophilus

A rabbit blood culture photomicrograph of Haemophilus ducreyi bacteria using a Gram-stain technique. (Credit: Greg Hammond/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

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from article Electroencephalography

Normal EEG waves. (a) The alpha rhythm in the waking record blocks at eye opening; eyes opened at A and closed at B. (b) A light-sleep EEG has theta waves and a sleep hump at C and spindles at D. (c) Deep sleep reveals constant, irregular slow delta…

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from article Electroencephalography

Two examples of display conventions for topographic mapping. (a) Gray-scale technique, depicting amplitude of electrical discharge at particular points in time across the cortex. The maps display comparison of an individual's electroencephalogram…

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from article Electroencephalography

Primary elements of equipment required for topographic mapping of brain electrical activity.

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from article Penicillin

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from article Penicillin

A rotting orange with Penicillium growth. (Credit: G. L. Barron)

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from article Burn

Anatomic diagram of normal and burned skin.

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from article Addiction and addictive disorders

Specific illicit drug dependence or abuse in a typical 12-month period among persons aged 12 years or older. (Credit: Illustration and data derived from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and…

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from article Addiction and addictive disorders

First specific drug associated with initiation of illicit drug use. (Credit: Illustration and data derived from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, U.S. National Institutes of Health)

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from article Addiction and addictive disorders

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from article Addiction and addictive disorders

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from article Polymicrobial diseases

Scanning electron micrograph of human gingival plaque showing a mixed biofilm of rods and cocci. (Courtesy of John E. Laffoon and Janet M. Guthmiller, Dows Institute for Dental Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City)

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from article Meat food safety

The proper implementation of meat food safety practices is necessary at all stages of the processing of meats and their products, including during the herding of beef cattle at meatpacking plants. (Credit: Glow Images)

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from article Meat food safety

Microbiological pathogens can contaminate meat as a result of unsanitary conditions in meat processing facilities. Strict adherence to food-handler sanitation rules is essential. (Credit: John A. Rizzo/Digital Vision/Getty Images)

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from article Meat food safety

Improper handling of meat carcasses can result in contamination and the spread of foodborne pathogens. (Credit: racorn/123RF)

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from article Persuasive technology

Individuals can achieve healthier lifestyles through persuasive technologies. A tracking bracelet collects data from various fitness activities (running, walking, sleeping, and other fitness pursuits). The data are then sent to a mobile phone with…

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from article Persuasive technology

Persuasive systems are computerized software or information systems designed to reinforce, change, or shape attitudes or behaviors (or both) without using coercion or deception. (Credit: shapecharge/Getty Images)

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from article Bioarcheology

Human remains discovered during an archeological dig in Mildenhall, Suffolk, United Kingdom. The skeleton is thought to be approximately 2000 years old. (Credit: Stocktrek Images/Getty Images)

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from article Amino acid

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from article Amino acid

The 20 amino acids that serve as the building blocks for proteins. These amino acids (shown with their respective three-letter abbreviations) can be divided into nonpolar, polar, and electrically charged groups. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)

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from article Amino acid

Synthesis of a dipeptide. When an amino group of one amino acid is linked to the carboxyl group of another amino acid, a peptide bond linkage is formed. A molecule of water (H2O) is split out when a peptide bond is formed. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)

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from article Amino acid

Two-dimensional chromatogram of a protein. (Credit: R. J. Block, E. L. Durrum, and G. Zweig)

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from article Clinical immunology

Proper functioning of the immune system is necessary to fight diseases. In certain cases, though, diseases can result when there is a malfunction of the immune system itself, or when some external agent initiates an excessive response by the immune…

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from article Vitamin B6

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from article Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)

The explosion from the Climax test shot of Operation Upshot-Knothole, conducted in June 1953 at the Nevada Test Site. (Credit: National Nuclear Security Administration/Nevada Site Office/DOE)

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from article Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)

Total gamma source strength versus time for nominal 1-megaton surface burst. Both horizontal and vertical scales are logarithmic.

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from article Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)

Schematic representation of the EMP in a high-altitude burst. The extent of the source region varies with the altitude and the yield of the explosion.

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from article Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)

Schematic representation of the EMP in a surface burst.

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from article Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)

Typical system protection scheme.

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from article Mycoplasmas

Mycoplasmas. (a) Mycoplasma hominis, phase contrast micrograph (courtesy of W. Bredt). (b) Spiroplasma citri, electron micrograph of negatively stained specimen (courtesy of R. M. Cole). (c) Mycoplasma colony on solid nutrient medium. (d) Ureaplasma…

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from article Lie detector

A lie detector test or polygraph measures and records several physiological indices (for example, blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity) while a person is asked and answers a series of questions. The belief underpinning the use…

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