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A major plant hormone that plays an important role in plant growth and development. Abscisic acid (ABA), with a chemical formula of C15H20O4 (Fig. 1), is one of the most significant hormones found in plants. It is responsible for regulating various…

The formation of new animal individuals, which may occur by asexual or sexual means. All animals must reproduce asexually or sexually to create new individuals of their species. In asexual reproduction, a single parent can produce offspring that are…