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Crossing-over (genetics)

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Definition

Crossing-over (genetics)

The process whereby one or more gene alleles present in one chromosome may be exchanged with their alternative alleles on a homologous chromosome to produce a recombinant (crossover) chromosome which contains a combination of the alleles originally present on the two parental chromosomes.

Source: AccessScience, McGraw-Hill Education, 2022

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Crossing-over (genetics)

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Fungal genetics

The study of gene structure and function in fungi. Genetic research has provided important knowledge about genes, heredity, genetic mechanisms, metabolism, physiology, and development in fungi, and in higher organisms in general, because in…

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Allele

Any of a number of alternative forms of a gene. An allele is a variant form of a gene (see illustration). Allele is a contraction of allelomorph, which is a term that William Bateson used to designate one of the alternative forms of a unit showing…

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Human genetics

A scientific discipline concerned with genetically determined resemblances and differences among human beings. Human genetics analyzes all aspects of inheritance occurring in humans. Although the mechanism by which heredity operates…

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Recombination (genetics)

The formation of new genetic sequences by piecing together segments of previously existing ones. Classical genetics is based on the transmission of traits, attributable to particular genetic determinants or genes, through sexual generations. The…

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DNA repair

The set of biochemical processes that fixes DNA molecules when they are damaged. The processes involved in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair are important because DNA (Fig. 1) is the genetic material that directs the production of all the proteins…

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Mosaicism

The condition in which more than one genetically distinct population of cells coexists within one individual. The term mosaic is used for an individual composed of two or more cell lines of different genetic or chromosomal constitutions, where the…

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Meiosis

The set of two successive cell divisions that serve to separate homologous chromosome pairs and thus reduce the total number of chromosomes by half. The process of meiosis (Fig. 1) includes two sequential nuclear divisions (meiosis I and II) that…

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Bdelloid rotifers

Bdelloid rotifers are microscopic freshwater invertebrate animals less than 1 mm in length. They are found in nearly every possible freshwater aquatic habitat, including those that remain wet for only a short period of time (Fig. 1). Originally…

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Gene discovery in Drosophila melanogaster

At an elementary level, the development and homeostasis of an organism are the result of the differential expression of thousands of genes, the basic heredity units. Each gene consists of a portion of the DNA that contains sequences that…