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Bouguer gravity anomaly map over the Chicxulub impact crater. The coastline is designated by a thin white line, cenotes (natural pits) and sinkholes are designated by black dots, and the city of Mérida and the town of Chicxulub Puerto are designated…

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from article Chicxulub impact crater

Seismic line imaging of what lies beneath the seafloor, showing the Chicxulub impact crater. The crater includes many faults that can be grouped into an exterior ring fault, a series of outer ring faults, and a series of inner ring faults. Within…

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from article Graptolithina

Sketches of portions of pterobranch and graptolite colonies showing the dwelling tubes and the constructional units of the graptolite skeleton. (a) Young Rhabdopleura compacta colony with founder zooid and first asexual bud (Recent). Benthic…

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from article Graptolithina

Scanning electron micrograph of a graptolite (Pseudoclimacograptus scharengergi) showing the fuselli (horizontal ridges) that compose graptolite thecae, and the cortical bandages (oblique strips) that were deposited on top of the fuselli (Middle…

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from article Graptolithina

Hypothetical form of zooids that inhabited colony tubes, based on a planktic graptolite. Large zooids are shown with possible oarlike swimming organs used to move the colony through the ocean water and tentacles for feeding. Also shown are two…

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from article Graptolithina

Examples of some planktic graptolites, reconstructed to show three-dimensional form.

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from article Palaeonisciformes

Mimia toombsi (Gardiner & Bartram, 1977), Late Devonian, Gogo, Australia. One of the earliest palaeonisciforms, reaching 15 cm (6 in.) long, and known by complete fossils. (Reprinted with permission from B. G. Gardiner, The relationships of the…

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from article Palaeonisciformes

Chirodus granulosus (Young, 1866) was a deep-bodied palaeonisciform that grew to 10 cm (4 in.) and lived in Carboniferous coal swamps of Britain. The teeth formed cutting blades that may have been used to crop vegetation. This reconstruction is…

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from article Wine

Stainless steel fermentation tanks (fermenters). (Credit: Granger Wootz/Blend Images LLC)

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from article Wine

Dark-skinned grapes ready for harvest in France. (Credit: Getty Images/RooM RF)

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from article Cashew

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale). The cashew nut is contained in a hard shell at the bottom of the fruit (cashew apple). (Photo courtesy of Laura Lartigue, U.S. Agency for International Development, Guinea)

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from article Cladoselache

Cladoselache fyleri, from the Upper Devonian of Cleveland. (After S. E. Bendix-Algreen, 1975)

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from article Paleocopa

Paleocopa. (a) Ogmoopsis nodulifera, left valve; from the Ordovician of Sweden. (b) Eurychilina subradiata, right valve showing wide complete frill; Ordovician of Minnesota. (c) Sulcicuneus porrectinatium, male and female carapaces; Devonian of…

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from article Garlic

Bulbs of garlic (Allium sativum). (Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr)

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from article Patellogastropoda

Whitecap limpet (Acmaea mitra). (Photo by Douglas Eernisse)

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from article Patellogastropoda

Ribbed Mediterranean limpet (Patella ferruginea). (Photo by Georgina Rivera Ingraham)

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from article Patellogastropoda

Radula of the patellogastropod Notoacmea scapha.

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from article Cheese

Cheese being placed in brining tank (salt bath). (Credit: Westend61/Getty Images)

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from article Cheese

Cheese ripening. (Credit: Tom Paiva Photography/Blend Images)

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from article Cheese

Swiss cheese. (Credit: Tom Paiva Photography/Blend Images)

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from article Acanthodii

Jaws of an Early Devonian ischnacanthid from northern Canada. The upper palatoquadrate and lower meckelian cartilages have tooth-bearing jawbones along their facing edges. (From University of Alberta, Laboratory for Vertebrate Paleontology…

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from article Acanthodii

Examples of acanthodians from the Early Devonian of northern Canada. (a) Primitive climatiiform Lupopsyrus. (b) Diplacanthid Tetanopsyrus. (c) Ischnacanthiform Ischnacanthus. (d) Unnamed mesacanthid acanthodiform. (From the University of Alberta,…

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from article Oriental vegetables

Bok choy, also known as pak choy or Chinese mustard (Brassica rapa or Brassica campestris, chinensis group). (Photo courtesy of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)

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from article Oriental vegetables

Oriental winter radish or daikon (Raphanus sativus, longipinnatus group). (Photo by Franco Folini)

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from article Oriental vegetables

Mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata).

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from article Oriental vegetables

Chinese okra (Luffa acutangula). The length of the fruit can reach 30–38 cm (12–15 in.). (Photo by Forest and Kim Starr)

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from article Index fossil

Three cephalopod genera forming an evolutional sequence. Their short ranges (indicated by bars) and distinctive suture lines (the area between two sutures is shown in black) make them ideal index fossils for the early Pennsylvanian Period. (After A.…

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from article Index fossil

Different concepts of range zones based on various combinations of overlap of two or more index species. (From D. R. Prothero and F. Schwab, Sedimentary Geology: An introduction to Sedimentary Rocks, Freeman, 1996)

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from article Index fossil

Potential range versus actual range of an index fossil species. Note that the actual time of occurrence at a given locality is generally some fraction of the actual range of the species because of the limitations of environment, immigration, and…

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from article Index fossil

Graphic correlation method of Alan Shaw. Note that the X and Y axes of the graphs are scaled diagrams of measured sections of the two different outcrops to be correlated. The points plotted on the graphs are the corresponding heights of the first or…

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from article Forage crops

Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), a popular warm-season grass used as a forage crop. (Photo by James H. Miller and Ted Bodner, Southern Weed Society)

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from article Forage crops

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), the most important legume forage crop, cut and drying prior to its final harvest. (Photo by Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University)

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from article Wheat

A sheaf of wheat (Triticum) surrounded by some small piles of seed (grain). (Credit: Scott Bauer/Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)

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from article Wheat

A combined harvester-thresher is used to harvest wheat. (Credit: Scott Bauer/Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)

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from article Wheat

Adaptation regions for wheat in the United States. (Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture)

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from article Wheat

Wheat (Triticum) growing in a field. The wheat inflorescence is a spike bearing sessile spikelets arranged alternately on a zigzag rachis (main axis). (Credit: Tim McCabe/Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture)

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from article Wheat

Black stem rust of wheat, which produces urediniospores in reddish-brown pustules. The fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is responsible for this plant disease. The inset shows a close-up view of an infected stem. (Credit: Agricultural Research…

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from article Wheat