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from article Medical waste
The uniform international biohazard symbol.
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from article Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease is a hereditary disorder that affects approximately five to ten of every 100,000 persons. The average age at onset is between 35 and 40 years. Invariably fatal, the disease progresses gradually over time. (Copyright ©…
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from article Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the science dealing with the preparation and dispensing of medicinal or therapeutic drugs. (Credit: Sanchai Rat/Shutterstock)
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from article Hepatitis C virus
Chronic hepatitis C with portal inflammation and interface hepatitis (erosion of the limiting plate of periportal hepatocytes by infiltrating mononuclear cells). (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Hepatitis C virus
Natural history of chronic hepatitis C. It is presumed that liver fibrosis progresses in a linear course from the time of acquisition of the infection to the development of cirrhosis. Stages of fibrosis are from the METAVIR (meta-analysis of…
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from article Hepatitis C virus
The genomic structure of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and potential targets for therapy. Through analysis of the genomic structure of HCV, additional therapies (for example, serine protease inhibitors, helicase inhibitors, and RNA polymerase inhibitors)…
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from article Star tracker
Strapdown satellite star tracker. (a) Mounting of system on the satellite. (b) Star tracker in housing. (Northrop Grumman Corp.)
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from article Star tracker
Silicon focal-plane arrays. (Northrop Grumman Corp.)
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from article Surgery
Medical personnel performing a surgical procedure in a modern operating room. (Credit: OJO Images Limited/Alamy Stock Photo)
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from article Surgery
Operative view illustrating the position of various surgical instruments, including a surgical telescope, used to make an incision in a patient. (Copyright © McGraw Hill)
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from article Surgery
Close-up view of a surgeon organizing the instruments required for an operation. (Credit: ER Productions Limited/Blend Images)
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from article Surgery
A medical operation involving a robot. Robotic surgery is being implemented to perform procedures that once required the presence of an expert surgeon. (Credit: Master Video/Shutterstock)
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from article Food allergy
Children (under the age of 18) who experience food allergies are more likely to experience other allergic conditions, including asthma (black), eczema/skin allergy (blue), and respiratory allergy (green). (Credit: National Center for Health…
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from article Food allergy
Allergic responses (immunological responses mediated by the IgE class of immunoglobulins) can be caused by certain foods. In a person with allergies, mast cells will be coated with IgE against one or a few antigens (allergens) that, upon entering…
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from article Food allergy
Peanuts are a common trigger of food allergies in both adults and children. (Credit: Christian Jung/Shutterstock)
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from article Sport-related concussion
Sport-related concussion is among the most frequent injuries experienced by athletes participating in contact and collision sports, including football. (Credit: skynesher/Getty Images)
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from article Sport-related concussion
Medical imaging and scanning techniques can identify the brain areas affected by a sport-related concussion. (Credit: Puwadol Jaturawutthichai/Shutterstock)
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from article Sport-related concussion
A football helmet with anticoncussion padding. This type of helmet is recommended for youths who are active in contact and collision sports. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Binocular vision disorders
Exotropia (simulated photographically) is a misalignment of the eyes. In this type of manifest strabismus, one or both eyes turn outward. (Credit: Kerri McTigue)
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from article Binocular vision disorders
Esotropia (crossed eyes; simulated photographically) is a type of manifest strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward. (Credit: Kerri McTigue)
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from article Coronavirus
Highly magnified, digitally colorized electron micrograph of MERS-CoV virions (red color). (Credit: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)
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from article Coronavirus
Illustration of SARS-CoV-2. Note the spike (S) proteins protruding from the surface of the coronavirus, which impart the look of the Sun's corona or crown. S proteins bind to host cell receptors for entry or infection of the cell. (Credit: Alissa…
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from article Coronavirus
Classification of coronaviruses. Human coronaviruses are shown in bold type. Highly pathogenic coronaviruses in humans are shown in red type. Human coronaviruses belong to two different genera: Betacoronavirus and Alphacoronavirus. (Credit: Teri…
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from article Coronavirus
Primary and intermediate hosts of human coronaviruses showing cross-species transmission. No concrete evidence exists about the intermediate host (or hosts) of HCoV NL63 and HCoV HKU1. The years of isolation or emergences of each viral strain are…
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from article Obesity
Map of the United States showing the growing prevalence of obesity. In general, the South had the highest prevalence of obesity, followed by the Midwest, the Northeast, and the West. (Credit: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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from article Obesity
Colored scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of fat (adipose) tissue. The round fat cells (adipocytes) are surrounded by collagen fibers. Lipid is colored purple. Empty cells are seen at top right. (Credit: Science Photo Library/Alamy Stock Photo)
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from article Obesity
Estimated percentage of obesity according to gender. Dark color indicates the percentage of obesity in females; light color indicates the percentage of obesity in males. (Credit: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,…
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from article Enzyme inhibition
Enzyme inhibition often works by preventing a substrate from attaching to an active enzyme. In this example, E1 is one of three sequential enzymes that will convert a substrate (S) into a product (P). However, the product that is created can then…
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from article Enzyme inhibition
Two types of reversible enzyme inhibition. (Left) In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor interferes with the active site of the enzyme, so the substrate is unable to bind to it. (Right) In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor changes the…
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from article Doppler VOR
Collocation of Doppler VOR and TACAN beacons installed on 100-foot high (30-m) tower with a counterpoise of 119-ft (36-m) diameter in forest near Frankfurt, Germany. Circular array consists of 39 loop antennas fed by solid-state commutator. Center…
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from article Doppler VOR
Principle of Doppler VOR beacon. Reference signal R and bearing signal V which is generated by dipole d are shown as they would be measured in aircraft to the north, east, south, and west of the beacon. (a) Dipole d at 180°. (b) Dipole d at 270°.…
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from article Doppler VOR
Comparison of radial flight recordings. (a) From VOR installation. (b) From DVOR installation. Both experimental beacons were located at same unfavorable site. Plane is flying constant course at bearing of 133° from beacons at 4000-ft (1.2-km)…
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from article Radiography
Relation of the penetration characteristics of x-rays to the type and thickness of various materials.
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from article Radiography
Geometry of radiographic image formation. F = size of focal spot of x-ray tube; d = distance from focal spot to specimen (lead plate); t = distance from plate to film; U = unsharpness.
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from article Radiography
Penetrameter. The windows show plan views and cross sections of the penetrameter plates. T is plate thickness; t is object thickness.
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from article Radiography
Chest radiograph of foundry worker made with intense beam from rotating-target x-ray tube, showing nodules in lungs which are caused by silicosis, and shadows of skeleton, heart, and stomach.
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from article Radiography
Thermal neutron radiograph of an investment-cast turbine blade, showing image of residual ceramic. (Industrial Quality, Inc.)
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from article Paleopathology
The fused spine and ribs in a case of ankylosing spondylitis from an adult male human found at a burial site near the Kuskokwim River, Alaska. (Credit: Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Catalog…
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from article Paleopathology
Pottery figurine of an achondroplastic dwarf from an archeological site in Tachina, Esmeraldas, Ecuador, dated between 500 BCE and 500 CE. (Credit: Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Catalog No.…
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from article Paleopathology
Sword trauma that removed part of the left upper jaw and the right lower jaw so that no remaining teeth were in contact between the jaws. The adult male human survived this injury. The skull is from an archeological burial site near the Stewart…
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from article Paleopathology
Destruction of the lower portion of the fourth lumbar vertebra (arrow), probably caused by tuberculosis, from a young male human skeleton found at the archeological burial site of Bâb edh-Dhrâ in Jordan, dated to approximately 3300 BCE. (Credit:…
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from article Paleopathology
The effect of scurvy on the right side of the cranium of an 11-year-old human child from the archeological site of Pachacamac, Peru. (Credit: Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Catalog No. 266599)
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from article Gastrointestinal tract disorders
The major organs and associated anatomical structures of the gastrointestinal tract. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Gastrointestinal tract disorders
A cross section of a peptic ulcer, illustrating the four layers: fibrin (black arrowhead), neutrophils (black arrow), granulation tissue (white arrowhead), and fibrosis (white arrow). (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Gastrointestinal tract disorders
Small intestine biopsy showing villous atrophy, which is found in individuals affected by celiac disease. (Credit: Ed Uthman/National Institutes of Health)
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from article Mouth disorders
Stages involved in the formation of periodontitis: (left) normal, nondiseased state of teeth, bone, and the gingiva (gum tissue); (middle) calculus buildup and early gingivitis (inflammation of the gums); (right) late-stage periodontitis, with…
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from article Pain
Neurophysiology of incoming pain. Sensation from peripheral receptors travels along specific pain nerves, and is modulated throughout the spinal cord and brain. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Virus, defective
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from article Virus, defective
Electron micrographs of virion and defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. (a) Defective interfering particle with a 50% deleted RNA. (b) Defective interfering particle with an 85% deleted RNA. (c, d, f) Defective interfering…
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from article Sextant
Marine sextant.
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from article Sextant
Periscopic sextant for use in aircraft.
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from article Lipoprotein
Structural model of a lipoprotein.
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from article Vitamin K
Vitamin K. (a) Natural forms. (b) Regeneration of the hydroquinone for γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla) synthesis; Glu = glutamic acid. Vitamin K functions by carboxylating certain glutamate residues in a few proteins. With each carboxylation reaction, a…
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from article Drug delivery systems
A transdermal nicotine patch is a noninvasive method of controlled drug delivery. (Copyright © Plush Studios/Bill Reitzel/Blend Images)
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from article Drug delivery systems
Three levels of polymer drug delivery. (a) A polymer is used as carrier of drugs. (b) The drugs are connected to the polymer via cleavable peptide linkers. (c) A homing device is added to target specific tissue types. (Credit: Jan van Hest;…
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from article Hypertension
A blood pressure monitor (sphygmomanometer) for home use to detect hypertension. This easy-to-use device displays levels of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) and pulse readings (pulses per min). (Credit: Roel Smart/Getty Images)
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from article Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Abnormal facial features, including small eye openings and a lack of distinction (or a groove) in the area from below the nose to the upper lip, are common characteristics seen in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. (Copyright ©…
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from article Narcotic
Heroin is an extremely addictive narcotic. (Credit: FotoMaximum/Getty Images)
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from article Narcotic
Chemical structure of a morphine alkaloid. Two important natural alkaloids are morphine and codeine. Heroin is synthesized from morphine by acetylation.
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from article Air-traffic control
Terminal radar controller's plan view display. Aircraft positions are shown by radar returns. Display is centered on primary airport with parallel and intersecting runways. Range rings are spaced 5 mi (9 km) apart. Airspace within boundary and above…
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from article Androgenic-anabolic steroids
The use of androgenic-anabolic steroids by athletes is widespread because of the putative muscle-building and performance-enhancing effects of these drugs. (Credit: Erik Isakson/Blend Images)
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from article Androgenic-anabolic steroids
Chemical structures of the male sex hormone testosterone and a number of androgenic-anabolic steroids (derived from testosterone) used for therapeutic use. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Androgenic-anabolic steroids
Androgenic-anabolic steroids possess strong muscle-building properties. Muscle mass increment can be attributed to enlargement of muscle fibers and an increase of the number of muscle fibers. (Credit: photobac/Getty Images)
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from article Hematologic disorders
Myelophthisic anemia results from a space-occupying lesion in the bone marrow, which hinders hematopoiesis (the process by which the cellular elements of the blood are formed). In this photomicrograph, the bone marrow space is expanded, and the…
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from article Hematologic disorders
Scanning electron micrograph of (top) an elongated, flattened sickle cell and (bottom) a normal red blood cell. (Credit: Callista Images/Image Source/Getty Images)
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from article Hematologic disorders
Colored scanning electron micrograph of round leukocytes from a patient with leukemia. (Credit: Steve Gschmeissner/Science Photo Library)
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from article Medical bacteriology
Microscopic view of bacterial pneumonia, which is a type of pneumonia caused by bacterial infection. (Credit: Stocktrek Images/Corbis)
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from article Medical bacteriology
Bacteria culture growth on agar medium in a petri dish. (Credit: Sompraaong0042/Shutterstock)
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from article Channelrhodopsin
Three-dimensional (3D) protein crystal structure of channelrhodopsin variant C1C2. (Image courtesy of Protein Data Bank 3UG9, Molecular Modeling Database 96737)
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from article Plague
Plague ecology in the United States. The left panel shows how plague occurs in nature among rodents. The right panel shows how plague is spread from rodents to humans and domestic animals. (Credit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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from article Nursing
Nursing provides physical and emotional care to ailing individuals. (Credit: Fuse/Getty Images)
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from article Prosthesis
Prosthetic lower leg. (Credit: uatp2/123RF)
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from article Prosthesis
Upper-Iimb prosthesis. Miniature electronic circuitry uses muscle activity from the upper-arm remnant to control the electric elbow. When the elbow is locked in position, control is automatically transferred to the electronic wrist and hand.…
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from article Prosthesis
Human hip replacement, illustration. (Credit: Science Photo Library RF/Getty Images)
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from article Prosthesis
Dental implant model. (Credit: Shutterstock/Dreamsquare)
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from article Bordetella
Digitally colorized photomicrograph of Bordetella bronchiseptica using the Leifson flagella stain method. (Credit: William A. Clark/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
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from article Down syndrome
Chromosomes of an individual with Down syndrome. The condition of having an extra chromosome 21 (shown in the inset) is known as trisomy 21, and this is the genetic aberration that leads to Down syndrome. The chromosomes shown in green in the lower…
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from article Down syndrome
Prevalence of Down syndrome among children and adolescents (ages ranging from 0 to 19 years). The number of affected individuals (per 10,000) is shown according to age group, race/ethnicity, gender, and presence of congenital heart defects (CHDs).…
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from article Down syndrome
Line graph showing the prevalence of Down syndrome (per 10,000 live births) versus maternal age (in years). Note the dramatic rise in the number of individuals born with Down syndrome when the mother's age reaches 35 years and older. (Credit:…
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from article Niacin
Flowsheet for the manufacture of niacin from quinoline.
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from article Brucellosis
A photomicrograph depicting numerous gram-negative Brucella canis bacteria. Brucella canis is known to cause brucellosis in dogs. (Photo courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA)
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from article Vitamin B12
Structural formula for vitamin B12: C63H88CoN14O14P. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Cancer gene therapy
Cancer development (from top to bottom): a cell (dark pink) acquires a mutation for repeated cell division; new mutations arise, and one cell (green) has the ability to start a tumor; the tumor is located at its place of origin, and one cell…
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from article Cancer gene therapy
DNA sequencing provides researchers with information concerning the sequences of DNA found in cancer cells and can identify mutations. This information can be used to design specific cancer gene therapies. (Credit: Gio.tto/Shutterstock)
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from article Underwater navigation
Acoustic navigation systems, which employ various equipment.
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from article Underwater navigation
Deep-ocean navigation transponder. This beacon is about 55 in. (140 cm) in length and 5 in. (12.5 cm) in diameter. (Sona Tech, Inc.)
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from article Underwater navigation
Submersible navigating from underwater acoustic transponders.
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from article Underwater navigation
Configurations of three types of pilotage sonars.
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from article Underwater navigation
Sonar for tracking of divers from an underwater habitat. Display cathode-ray tube shows positions of divers to diving officer.
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from article Psychopharmacology
Diazepam is a fast-acting benzodiazepine and is used to treat individuals suffering from excessive anxiety. (Credit: Digital Vision/SuperStock)
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from article Psychopharmacology
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and is used as an antidepressant drug. By blocking the reuptake of serotonin neurotransmitters into nerve cells, fluoxetine elevates the levels of serotonin present in the synapse…
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from article Electronic navigation systems
Two-way (round-trip) ranging system.
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from article Electronic navigation systems
One-way synchronous ranging system.
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from article Electronic navigation systems
Effect of relative geometry on accuracy of hyperbolic navigation systems. Accuracy largely depends on θ1 and θ2, the crossing angles at users 1 and 2.
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from article Melanoma
A brown melanoma lesion with a large and irregular border on the skin. (Credit: Larry Meyer/National Cancer Institute)
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from article Muscular system disorders
Proper functional coordination between motor neurons and muscle fibers is necessary for muscle movement. Some important anatomical components of the motor unit are indicated in the illustration. (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Muscular system disorders
Small fiber-type grouped atrophy (neurogenic atrophy), consistent with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is seen in a muscle biopsy (colorized purple with a modified Gömöri trichrome stain). (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Muscular system disorders
Scattered necrotic muscle fibers are seen in a muscle biopsy (colorized dark blue with a modified Gömöri trichrome stain). (Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education)
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from article Arboviral encephalitides
A transmission electron micrograph of a salivary gland extracted from a mosquito infected by the Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, which has been colorized red. (Credit: Fred Murphy and Sylvia Whitfield/Centers for Disease Control and…
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from article Assisted reproductive technology
In-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) are important methodologies of assisted reproductive technology. (Credit: Doris J. Baker/Tom Dolan)
