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from article Thermionic emission
Richardson-Dushman plot for tungsten, an important thermionic emitter. (After G. Herrmann and S. Wagener, The Oxide-Coated Cathode, vol. 2, Chapman and Hall, 1951)
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from article Thermionic emission
Free electrons are assumed to move in approximately constant potential. (a) Occupation of electron states between the bottom of the conduction band and the Fermi level of a metal is indicated for T = 0 by the shaded area. (b) Fermi distribution…
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from article Thermionic emission
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from article Redwood
Redwood trees (Sequoia sempervirens). (Photo courtesy of Forest and Kim Starr)
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from article Euglenophyceae
Euglena sp., showing overall morphology and intracellular structures.
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from article Scattering of electromagnetic radiation
Pressure-induced density fluctuations in a fluid.
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from article Scattering of electromagnetic radiation
The role of interference in determining the angular dependence of light scattering from particles that are comparable in size to the wavelength.
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from article Hypodermis
Transection from the outer part of a Smilax root, illustrating a thick-walled hypodermis (exodermis) beneath the epidermis. One hypodermal cell is not thickened. (After K. Esau, Plant Anatomy, 2d ed., John Wiley and Sons, 1965)
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from article Polarized light
Illustration of the law of Malus.
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from article Polarized light
Nicol prism. The ray for which Snell's law holds is called the ordinary ray.
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from article Polarized light
Wollaston prism.
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from article Polarized light
Rochon prism.
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from article Polarized light
Projection of light vector of constant amplitude on plane z = 0 for circularly polarized light. (a) t = 0. (b) t = π/4ω. (c) t = π/2ω. (d) t = 3π/4ω.
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from article Polarized light
Fresnel rhomb.
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from article Rigid-body dynamics
Rotation of a symmetric rigid body around a fixed axis through the center of mass.
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from article Rigid-body dynamics
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from article Rigid-body dynamics
Impulse imparted to a billiard ball by a cue stick. ( After V. D. Barger and M. G. Olsson, Classical Mechanics: A Modern Perspective, 2d ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995)
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from article Rigid-body dynamics
Rotation of a point located at about the z axis.
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from article Rigid-body dynamics
Wheel rolling without slipping on a level surface. (After V. D. Barger and M. G. Olsson, Classical Mechanics: A Modern Perspective, 2d ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995)
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from article Rigid-body dynamics
Velocity of points on a wheel (a) relative to the center of mass and (b) relative to the ground. (After V. D. Barger and M. G. Olsson, Classical Mechanics: A Modern Perspective, 2d ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995)
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from article Rigid-body dynamics
Rolling motion of inertial ellipsoid on the tangent plane describing the force-free motion of a rigid body.
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from article Rigid-body dynamics
Principal axes of a tennis racket (a) along the handle, (b) perpendicular to the handle in the plane of the strings, and (c) perpendicular to the handle and strings. (After V. D. Barger and M. G. Olsson, Classical Mechanics: A Modern Perspective, 2d…
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from article Relaxation time of electrons
Effect of the electric field on electron distribution in a solid, viewed in k-space, where k is the electron wave vector. The shaded area indicates occupied states in distribution which result when the field is applied.
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from article Relaxation time of electrons
Scattering of conduction electrons from lattice vibrations in copper. (a) Fermi surface and Brillouin zone of copper. (b) Dependence of the scattering coefficient on the direction of the conduction electron wave vector, according to theoretical…
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from article Relaxation time of electrons
Electron energy distribution function (density of states) versus energy at five time delays after absorption of an 180-femtosecond laser pulse by a gold film. The broken line is the best Fermi distribution fit at the electron temperature shown.…
