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from article Circadian clock (plants)
Three-module circadian clock system.
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Image
from article Circadian clock (plants)
Model of the Arabidopsis circadian clock, showing light input (bold arrow), the central oscillator (large box), and output/response (tinted arrows). Light signals synchronize the clock via the cryptochromes (cry) and phytochromes (phy). These are…
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from article Gibberellins
ent-Gibberellane carbon skeleton showing the carbon numbering system and ring designations.
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from article Gibberellins
The GA-biosynthetic pathway in higher plants via 2-methylerythritol-4-phosphate (MEP). The biologically active end products of the pathway are GA1, GA3, and GA4. The general diterpene precursor trans-geranylgeranyldiphosphate (GGPP) is formed in…
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from article Gibberellins
Mechanisms for GA inactivation. C19-GAs and C20-GAs may be oxidized on C-2 by different classes of GA 2-oxidases (GA2ox). In rice, the enzyme ELONGATED UPPER INTERNODE (EUI) oxidizes the 16,17-double bond of non–13-hydroxylated GAs, such as GA4, to…
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from article Gibberellins
DELLA protein showing conserved domains, and a model for DELLA degradation via the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase, which consists of a DELLA-specific F-box, Skp1, Cullin1 (CUL), and Rbx1 subunits. Binding of the GID1-GA complex to DELLAs promotes…
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from article Gibberellins
Model for GA-induced production of α-amylase in the aleurone of germinating cereal grains. GAs produced in the scutellum diffuse to the aleurone cells, where they stimulate transcription, processing, and secretion of α-amylase and other hydrolytic…
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from article Chlorophyceae
Chlorococcales. (a) Chlorococcum (Chlorococcaceae), vegetative cell; (b) cell with zoospores; (c) zoospores; (d) Hydrodictyon (Hydrodictyaceae), portion of coenobium; (e) portion enlarged; (f) Dictyosphaerium (Dictyosphaeriaceae), colony in…
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from article Chlorophyceae
Filamentous green algae with chlorophycean ultrastructure. (a) Microspora (Microsporales), showing H-shaped wall segments; (b) Sphaeroplea (Sphaeropleales); (c) Chaetophora (Chaetophorales), heterotrichous thallus (erect and prostrate systems).
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from article Chlorophyceae
Ulothrix (Ulotrichales).
