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The process of causing strong deviations from thermal equilibrium populations of selected quantized states of different energy in atomic or molecular...


= Encyclopedia Article; = Research Update
Figure 1.Light absorption and atom excitation from the ground state E1 to the excited state E2.
From Encyclopedia article 'Optical pumping'
Figure 2.Optical pumping and stimulated emission in a three-level system.
From Encyclopedia article 'Optical pumping'
Figure 3.Multiwavelength amplification in an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).
From Encyclopedia article 'Optical pumping'
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