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The bending of light, or other waves, into the region of the geometrical shadow of an obstacle. More exactly, diffraction refers to any...

Bragg diffraction (in 'Acoustooptics' article)
When the sound propagates in a very wide, parallel beam that approximates a plane wave, the analogy with x-ray diffraction is most pronounced. The phe

Diffraction gratings (in 'Atom optics' article)
Diffraction gratings for atoms have been made by using either a standing wave of light or a slotted membrane. The standing light wave makes a phase gr

Diffraction by periodic structures (in 'Diffraction grating' article)
If a parallel beam of monochromatic light of wavelength ? is incident on a periodic slit assembly of period d and slit width s (Fig. 1a), then diffrac

Diffraction efficiency (in 'Diffraction grating' article)
Diffraction efficiency is defined as the percentage of the incident energy that is concentrated in the desired order. It can reach values above 90%, o

Diffraction and reflection (in 'Light' article)
One of the most easily observed facts about light is its tendency to travel in straight lines. Careful observation shows, however, that a light ray s

X-ray holography and diffraction (in 'Optical pulses' article)
Soft x-ray lasers can be realized by focusing a high-power laser into an elongated focal line on an appropriate target. The high-power laser can form

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