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Search Results: Biotechnology

Generally, any technique that is used to make or modify the products of living organisms in order to improve plants or animals or to develop useful...
Yeasts are microorganisms which have had a close relationship with humankind for millennia. Some yeasts are beneficial to human life in the provision...
Scientists and engineers who engage in environmental practices must have a common understanding and application of living systems, that is,...
Humans throughout history have created environments conducive to the natural production of chemicals by organisms, or have produced chemicals to...
Biotechnology (in 'Agroecosystem' article)
Human influence on agroecosystems is increasing as advances are made in research geared toward artifically manipulating agricultural populations. New
Biotechnology and genetic engineering (in 'Bacteriology' article)
Bacteria are the basis of many important industrial processes. They are involved in production of cheese, fermented food products such as sauerkraut,
Biotechnology (in 'Food microbiology' article)
Advances in molecular biology have generated interest in applications to food processing.
Biotechnology (in 'Marine microbiology' article)
Marine microbial biotechnology is an applied science. As an example, thermostable deoxyribonucleic acid--cleaving polymerases from the above-mentioned
Biotechnology and soil microorganisms (in 'Soil microbiology' article)
The incredible diversity of soil microorganisms is a vast reserve of potentially useful organisms. Antibiotics are compounds produced by microorganism


= Encyclopedia Article; = Research Update
Figure 1.Flow of energy and mass among invertebrates, fish, and seabirds (Procellariform) in the Gulf of Alaska. The larger the width of the arrow, the greater is the relative flow. Note how some species prefer crustaceans, such as copepods and euphausiids, but other species consume larger forage species, such as squid. (G. A. Sanger, Diets and food web relationships of seabirds in the Gulf of Alaska and adjacent marine areas, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, OCSEAP Final Rep. no. 45, pp. 631–771, 1983)
Figure 1.Fungal action on wood. (a) White rot fungi digest lignin and leave cellulose behind. (b) Brown rot fungi digest cellulose and leave lignin behind.
From update 'Fungal bioconversion'
Figure 2.Chemical structure of lignin compared with the structure of some recalcitrant molecules. (Adapted from J. A. Field et al., 1993)
From update 'Fungal bioconversion'
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