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Receptors that provide the organism with information about such mechanical changes in the environment as movement, tension, and pressure. In higher...



= Encyclopedia Article; = Research Update
Figure 1.Evolution of receptor-effector systems. (a) Receptor-effector cell of unicellular organism (ameba); (b) receptor-effector cell of multicellular organism (sponge); (c) specialization shown in separation of receptor and effector cells of actinians (tentacle of sea anemone); (d) receptor, motor nerve, and effector cells of cnidarians; (e) receptor motor nerve, and effector cells in vertebrates. R = receptor; E = effector; M = motor nerve cell.
From Encyclopedia article 'Mechanoreceptors'
Figure 10.Amplitude of peak generator potential as a function of the excited membrane area. An increasing area of receptor membrane of a Pacinian corpuscle is excited with styli of increasing diameter. (After W. W. Loewenstein, Excitation and inactivation in a receptor membrane, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 94(2):510–534, 1961)
From Encyclopedia article 'Mechanoreceptors'
Figure 11.Input-output relation of receptor membrane. (a) The observed generator potential of the receptor membrane of a typical Pacinian corpuscle as a function of stimulus strength. (b) The calculated generator potential (?V) as a function of the number of active generator elements as computed from the receptor analog of Fig. 9. (After W. R. Loewenstein, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 81:367–387, pt. 3, 1959)
From Encyclopedia article 'Mechanoreceptors'