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In the late 1980s, the universality of the accepted paradigm for how spontaneous gene mutations form was challenged. The paradigm of S. E. Luria and...

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Models for the mechanisms of recombination-dependent adaptive mutation and amplification in the lac system of Escherichia coli. Adaptive point mutations reflect genetic instability akin to microsatellite (simple repeat) instability in humans, whereas adaptive amplification is similar to larger-scale chromosomal instability seen in some cancers. Because both processes require RecBCD, an enzyme specific to the processing of DNA double-strand ends (DSEs), it is inferred that amplification and mutation are alternative fates of processing DSEs. (After S.M. Rosenberg, Evolving responsively: Adaptive mutation, Nat. Rev. Genet., 2001)

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