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Achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation

The de Broglie wavelength associated with the center-of-mass motion of free atoms is usually so short that the atoms move like classical particles....

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Figure 1.Features of the two-photon spectrum in a standing wave. The Doppler-free line at the natural frequency, ?0, is much taller and narrower than indicated in this sketch. Insets show momenta of photons (wavy arrows) and atom (straight arrows) before and after transition.

From update 'Achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation'

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Figure 2.Apparatus used to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation in hydrogen and to study the properties of the condensate by laser spectroscopy.

From update 'Achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation'

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Figure 3.Typical two-photon spectrum in ultracold atomic hydrogen. Open circles indicate the spectrum just above the transition temperature. Solid circles indicate additional features which appear only below the transition.

From update 'Achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation'

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