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Concentrations of manganese (Mn) and iron oxides found on the floors of many oceans. The complex growth histories of manganese nodules are revealed...



= Encyclopedia Article; = Research Update
Figure 1.Reflected-light photograph of the polished surface of a sectioned manganese nodule showing the complex growth history of the concretionary deposit (diameter 1.6 in. or 4 cm).
From Encyclopedia article 'Manganese nodules'
Figure 2.Scanning electron microscopy photographs showing the growth of Ni + Cu–rich todorokite inside a manganese nodule from the north equatorial Pacific. The meshworks of tiny todorokite crystals (a, b) line a cavity and (c, d) replace biogenic debris in a fossil cast inside the nodule. (From R. G. Burns and V. M. Burns, Manganese oxides, in R. G. Burns, ed., Marine Minerals, Mineralogical Society of America Publication Series Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 6, pp. 1–46, 1979)
From Encyclopedia article 'Manganese nodules'