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An impurity atom in a semiconductor which can accept or take up one or more electrons from the crystal and become negatively charged. An atom which...


= Encyclopedia Article; = Research Update
Trivalent acceptor atom, boron (B), in the elemental semiconductor silicon (Si). (a) Boron atom in a substitutional position, that is, replacing silicon, a tetravalent host atom, by completing the four tetrahedral covalent bonds with its nearest neighbor silicon atoms. This requires an electron to be accepted from the valence band, thus making boron negatively charged. (b) Energy diagram showing that the absence of an electron in the valence band is equivalent to a positive charge carrier, a hole, which is bound to boron via Coulomb attraction with an ionization energy EI. Eg= energy gap separating valence band from conduction band.
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