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terpene
[organic chemistry] C10H16 A moderately toxic, flammable, unsaturated hydrocarbon liquid found in essential oils and plant oleoresins; used as an intermediate for camphor, menthol, and terpineol.
A class of naturally occurring compounds whose carbon skeletons are composed exclusively of isopentyl (isoprene) C5 units. Also known as isoprenoid.
Pronunciation: ′t r′pēn
pine terpene
[materials] Any terpene in the essential oils obtained from various Pinus species.
Pronunciation: ¦pīn ′tr′pēn
terpene alcohol
[organic chemistry] A generic name for an alcohol related to or derived from a terpene hydrocarbon, such as terpineol or borneol.
Pronunciation: ′tr′pēn ′al·k′h⊙l
terpene hydrochloride
[organic chemistry] C10H16·HCl A solid, water-insoluble material melting at 125°C; used as an antiseptic. Also known as artificial camphor; dipentene hydrochloride; pinene hydrochloride; turpentine camphor.
Pronunciation: ′tr′pēn ¦hī·dr′kl⊙r′īd
δ-3-carene
[organic chemistry] C10H16 A clear, colorless, combustible terpene liquid, stable to about 250°C; used as a solvent and in chemical synthesis.
Pronunciation: ¦del·t ¦thrē ′ka′rēn
artificial camphor
[organic chemistry] See: terpene hydrochloride
Pronunciation: ¦ärd·¦fish·l ′kam·fr
ascaridole
[organic chemistry] C10H16O2 A terpene peroxide, explosive when heated; used as an initiator in polymerization.
Pronunciation: ′skar·′dōl
cadinene
[organic chemistry] C15H24 A colorless liquid that boils at 274.5°C, and is a terpene derived from cubeb oil, cade oil, juniper berry oil, and other essential oils.
Pronunciation: ′kad·n′ēn
camphene
[organic chemistry] C10H16 A bicyclic terpene used as raw material in the synthesis of insecticides such as toxaphene and camphor.
Pronunciation: ′kam′fēn
camphor
[organic chemistry] C10H16O A bicyclic saturated terpene ketone that exists in optically active dextro and levo forms and as a racemate; the dextro form is obtained from the wood and bark of the camphor tree, the levo form is found in some essential oils, and the inactive form is obtained from an Asiatic chrysanthemum or made synthetically from certain terpenes.
Pronunciation: ′kam·fr
dipentene hydrochloride
[organic chemistry] See: terpene hydrochloride
Pronunciation: dī′pen′tēn′hī·dr′kl⊙r′īd
galipol
[organic chemistry] C15H26O A terpene alcohol derived from the oil of the angostura bark; colorless crystals that melt at 89°C.
Pronunciation: ′gal·′p⊙l
geraniol
[organic chemistry] (CH3)2CCH(CH2)2C(CH3)CHCH2OH A colorless to pale-yellow liquid, an alcohol and a terpene, boiling point 230°C; soluble in alcohol and ether, insoluble in water; used in perfumery and flavoring.
Pronunciation: j′rā·nē′⊙l
irone
[organic chemistry] C14H22O A colorless liquid terpene; a component of essential oil from the orrisroot; used in perfumes.
Pronunciation: ′ī′rōn
isoprenoid
[organic chemistry] See: terpene
Pronunciation: ′ī·s·′prē′n⊙id
isopulegol
[organic chemistry] C10H17OH An alcohol derived from terpene as a water-white liquid that has a mintlike odor; used in making perfumes.
Pronunciation: ¦ī·sō′pyü·l′g⊙l
limonene
[organic chemistry] C10H16 A terpene with a lemon odor that is optically active and is found in oils from citrus fruits and in oils from peppermint and spearmint; a colorless, water-insoluble liquid that boils at 176°C.
Pronunciation: ′lim·n′lēn
linalool
[organic chemistry] (CH3)2C:CH(CH2)2CCH3OHCH:CH2 A terpene that is a colorless liquid, has a bergamot odor, boils at 195-196°C, and is found in many essential oils, particularly bergamot and rosewood; used as a flavoring agent and in perfumes. Also known as coriandrol.
Pronunciation: l′näl·′w⊙l
methyl tertiary butyl ether
[organic chemistry] CH3OC(CH3)3 A volatile, flammable, colorless liquid, with a boiling point of 55°C (131°F) and a terpene-like odor, originally used in gasoline as an octane enhancer and lead substitute, more recently used to reduce engine exhaust emissions. Abbreviated MTBE.
Pronunciation: ¦meth·l ¦tr·shē′er·ē ¦byüd·l ′ē·thr
pinene
[organic chemistry] C10H16 Either of two colorless isomeric unsaturated bicyclic terpene hydrocarbon liquids derived from sulfate wood turpentine; 95% of the alpha form boils in the range 156-160°C, and of the beta form boils in the range 164-169°C; used as solvents for coatings and wax formulations, as chemical intermediates for resins, and as lube-oil additives. Also known as nopinene.
Pronunciation: ′pī′nēn
pinene hydrochloride
[organic chemistry] See: terpene hydrochloride
Pronunciation: ′pī′nēn ′hi·dr′kl⊙r′īd
rhodinol
[materials] Colorless, combustible liquid mixture of terpene alcohols with rose scent; soluble in mineral oil and alcohol; derived from geranium oil; used in perfumes and flavors.
Pronunciation: ′rōd·n′⊙l
rhodinyl acetate
[materials] Terpene-alcohol-acetates mixture; colorless-to-yellow, combustible liquid with rose scent; soluble in mineral oil, alcohol, and glycerin; used in perfumes and flavors.
Pronunciation: ′rōd·n·l ′as·′tāt
sesquiterpene
[organic chemistry] Any terpene with the formula C15H24; that is, 1½ times the terpene formula.
Pronunciation: ¦ses·kwē′tr′pēn
terpenoid
[organic chemistry] Any compound with an isoprenoid structure similar to that of the terpene hydrocarbons.
Pronunciation: ′tr·p′n⊙id
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