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Devices that respond to incident ultraviolet, visible, or infrared electromagnetic radiation by giving rise to an output signal, usually electrical....
Noise in optical detectors (in 'Electrical noise' article)
The reception of an optical signal involves the use of a photodetector in which the optical signal is converted to an electric current. Thus, both op
Optical detectors (in 'Optical isolator' article)
The light detectors that are used in the construction of optical isolators include light-dependent resistors (such as photocells), light-sensitive dev
It was only in the tenth century that, by building a large box camera, the astronomer Alhazen demonstrated once and for all that we “see” by...
A device in which detection of radiation takes place in or near the depletion region of a reverse-biased semiconductor junction. The electrical...
The process of recording signals on a medium through the use of light, so that the signals may be reproduced at a subsequent time. Photographic film...
A device that detects or measures electromagnetic radiation by generating a current or a voltage, or both, upon absorption of radiant energy....
Any technique for the photographic recording of schlieren, which are regions or stria in a medium that is surrounded by a medium of different...
The branch of physics that deals with the influence of an electric field on the optical properties of matter, especially in crystalline form. These...
The optical analog of radar. The term lidar is an acronym for light detection and ranging. Lidar systems employ intense pulses of light, typically...
A wide variety of analytic techniques in which the distribution and precise nature of the scattered light carry information about the object from...
A device that automatically measures the angular separation of stellar observations with respect to a reference platform. It is also referred to as...
Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range 4–400 nanometers. The ultraviolet region begins at the short wavelength (violet) limit of...
Functional neuroimaging of healthy adults has enabled the mapping of brain functions and revolutionized cognitive neuroscience. Increasingly,...
The first section of this article discusses use of satellite pictures to detect subtle changes in color reflected by the ocean, due to phytoplankton...
A single-particle detector which in its basic form (Fig. 1) consists of a hollow tube (channel) of either glass or ceramic material with a...
A very small sensor with physical dimensions in the submicrometer to millimeter range. A sensor is a device that converts a nonelectrical physical or...
An area of optics that encompasses the generation, transmission, modulation, amplification, conversion, and detection of light. A photon is the...
Structures consisting of two different semiconductor materials in junction contact, with unique electrical or electrooptical characteristics. A...
Quantum electronics is concerned with the interaction of electromagnetic radiation and matter and with the use of radiation-matter interactions for...
A waveform describes the variation of a quantity with respect to time. The necessary measurements to determine a waveform are normally carried out...
A noninvasive technique for imaging subsurface tissue structure with micrometer-scale resolution. The principles of time gating, optical sectioning,...
The production of lift results in the generation of vortices trailing an aircraft. The airplane wing applies pressure to the band of air through...
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